Jamaica Travel Guide and Travel Information Essay

Jamaica Travel Guide and Travel Information - Essay Example The Jamaicans are very hospitable and friendly. Jamaica’s main cities are Kingston, its capital, Ocho Rios, Montego Bay, Negril and Port Antonio (Mapsofworld, par.2). Getting around Jamaica is not a problem. There are several means of transportation for tourists such as riding a bike, scooter, bus, taxi or renting a car. Ferries and boats are available to take one to the various islands around Jamaica. For tourists interested in historical sites and botanical gardens, Kingston is the place to visit. Its major attraction is the Port Royal which used to be the home of sea pirates and Buccaneers. Other famous attractions of the city are the Castleton gardens, the Rockford Mineral Bath, National Art Gallery, and the Bob Marley museum which archives the life and times of the famous reggae legend (Mapsofworld, par.3). Historical sites though are not the unique selling point of Jamaica. Its beaches are its main attractions. If one wants to have a taste of the sun and sand of the island, there is a myriad of choices. In the Kingston area, there is the Lime Cay which is a small island off the coast of Port Royal, which is best for sunbathing and water sports. The Turtle Beach and the Mallard Beach are two of the more popular beaches in the city of Ocho Rios. Accommodations are not hard to find in that there are an array of hotels along the beach where one can choose to stay. And if one is an avid fan of James Bond movies, then one should not miss going to the James Bond Beach which is where the GoldenEye Hotel is located (IIWINC, par.3). The hotel is the former residence of Ian Fleming, the James Bond writer. Another amazing beach is the Dunn’s River Beach which is located under the famous Dunn’s River Waterfalls.  Ã‚  

Law of Offer and Acceptance

Law of Offer and Acceptance Offer and Acceptance are the process by which a buyer and a seller create a legal contract. This process begins when a potential buyer makes an offer. Then, the seller can accept it, reject it, or reject it and makes a counter offer. Then the buyer has the same options. When one party accepts the other partys offer or counter offer, and communicates that acceptance to the offering party, a contract is created. In my assignment, Im going to explain the rules of offer and acceptance in the formation of a valid contract. When two parties choses to get in a contract, the first thing that comes is the offer. The offer can be money or anything of value in exchange for performance by the other party. An offer is defined as an expression of willingness to contract on certain terms, made with the intention that it shall become binding as soon as it is accepted by the person to whom it is addressed. An offer is a declaration of the terms on which the offeror is willing to be bound. The offer can come in forms of a letter, a newspaper, a website, a fax, an email, or a behavior. The offer is not really an offer until the offeree receives it, it is the communication of offers. This means that no one can be bound by an offer of which they are not aware (Taylor v Laird, 1856). An important distinction must be made between an offer and an invitation to treat. An invitation to treat is a preliminary statement expressing a willingness to receive offers. Its a pre-offer communication. In Harvey v Facey, an invitation by the owner of property that he or she might be interested in selling at a certain price, so this is an invitation to treat. Statements of invitation are only intended to solicit offers from people and are not intended to result in any immediate binding obligation. The display of goods for sale, auctions, or adverts is ordinarily treated as an invitation to treat and not an offer. When goods are on display in a self-service shop or in a shop window, it is an invitation to treat. For example, Pharmaceutical society of Great Britain v Boots Cash Chemists Ltd where the offer to purchase is made at the cash desk by the purchaser and the shop is free to accept or reject this offer. However, auctions are an invitation to treat, each bid is an offer to purchase the lot at the price offered and acceptance occurs at the fall of the auctioneers hammer. British Car Auctions v Wright where they were indicted for offering an unroadworthy car for sale but there were only an invitation to treat as the car was not offered for sale. And in most cases advertisements are an invitation to treat (Partridge v Crittenden, 1968). However, if the advertisement includes a unilateral offer, it is considered as an offer. Unilateral offer is made when one party promises to pay the other a sum money (or to do some other act) if the other will do something (or forbear from doing so) without making any promises to that effect. For example, Carlil v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company Ltd which was a unilateral offer to the world at large. On the other hand, bilateral offer is made when at least two people or groups exchange a promise for a promise. Acceptance is a final and unqualified expression of assent to the terms of an offer. Acceptance must be communicated by the offeree to the offeror in the manner requested by or implied in the offer. Second, the acceptance must be clear, unequivocal, and unconditional. As acceptance, must meet the same terms of the offer to be valid, the following answer that suggest new terms in the offer is defined as a counter offer. Acceptance has no effect until it is communicated to the offeror, silence can never establish an acceptance (Felthouse v Bindley, 1863). It can be completed from conduct without being purposely communicated (Brogden v Metropolitan Railway Co, 1877). Generally, acceptance can be in any form as long as it is transmitted to the offeree, if the offer specifies a method of acceptance (such as by return of post, by fax or by telegram) and the offeree uses a different method there is no contract (Eliason v Henshaw, 1819). And if the offer doesnt stipulate any specific method of acceptance that means the communication of acceptance should made by an equally speedy method. Acceptance by post is an exception to the general rule that acceptance must come to the attention of the offeror before it is valid (Adams v Lindsell, 1818). For the postal rule to apply, first the offeror requests an acceptance by post or acceptance by post can be a normal, reasonable or anticipated means of acceptance (He nthorn v Fraser, 1892). Secondly, the letter of acceptance should be properly stamped and addressed (Re London Northern Bank, 1990). Thirdly, the letter of acceptance must be posted in the control of the Post Office (Brinkibon v Stahag Stahl, 1983); and in the last place, the use of postal rule must not create any factors of inconvenience and absurdity (Holwell Securities v Hughes, 1974). Comes to the instantaneous communication of acceptance which are virtually methods such as telephone conversations, they are considered in the same way as face to face personal conversations. So, the acceptance is confirmed when and where it is received (Entores v Miles Far East Corporation, 1955). Contracts are used mainly in business situations, but also for personal situations. While both parties must receive a fair value for a contract to be valid, they may not receive the same benefits. Law of contract is the law governing peoples agreements and obligations. To run a society smoothly an active operating system is necessary. If there is no value in a promise made by person to another person, the ongoing nature of a society will be terminated. Therefore, if there is no way to enforce a promise or recover damages occurred by believing such promise people will be afraid of such promises and the development will be blocked. Law of contract is important because it gives an importance and enforceability to a promise. Word count: 1039 Consideration is a fundamental element for the formation of a contract. It is either a promise to perform a desired act or a promise to refrain from doing an act that one is legally entitled to do. Consideration is something of value given by both parties to contract that includes them to enter the agreement to exchange mutual performances. In a bilateral contract, an agreement by which both parties exchange mutual promises, each promise is regarded as sufficient consideration for the other. In unilateral contract, an agreement by which one party makes a promise in exchange for the others performance, the performance is consideration for the promise, while the promise is consideration for the performance (Currie v Misa, 1875). There are two different rules of consideration; first consideration must move from the promisee means that a person to whom a promise was made can enforce that promise only if they have themselves provided the consideration for it. The promise cannot be enforce d if the consideration moved from a third party (Tweddle v Atkinson, 1861). And the second rule, consideration must not be past, have three different types of consideration: executory, executed and past consideration. Executory consideration begins where promises are exchanged to perform acts in the future, this is a bilateral contract and is enforceable. Executed consideration begins where one person performs an act in order to accomplish a promise made by the other, this is a unilateral contract. Past consideration is the consideration for a promise must be given in return for that promise (Re Mc Ardle, 1951). As we know that consideration is exchange of mutual performances, in this scenario we know that James repaired his neighbours car on Sundays or Mondays. We cant apply considerations rules as we dont know what James is getting in return of his performance. We only know what James promises to act for Simone but we dont know if Simone promises anything back. So, for me, there is no consideration because there is only one person performing the act and we dont know about the other one. Intention to create legal relations is an agreement which is not destined to be legally binding; there are some agreements that should be legally enforceable and those which should not. They are divided into three categories, social and domestic agreements, commercial agreements, and advertisement. In social and domestic agreements, there is no intention to create legal relations, such as agreements between husband and wife are presumed not to create legal relations expect if the agreement itself states that it does (Balfour v Balfour, 1919) or agreements between parents and children are not supposed to create legal relations (Jones v Padavatton, 1969). When it comes to agreements made between parties who share a dwelling but are not related, then the court considers all the circumstances of the agreement. They are more likely to find the intention to be legally bound where money has changed hands (Simpkins v Pays, 1955). Commercial agreements are presumed to create legal relations, but they can be rebutted only by stating clearly in the contract (Rose Franck Co v Crompton Bros Ltd, 1925). Agreements which appears to be gratuitous in nature such as ex gratia payment (Edwards v Skyways, 1969). It does not apply to comfort letters which are considered as a statement rather than a contractual promise (Kleinwort Benson Ltd v Malaysian Mining Corporation, 1989), or to agreements which are established to be binding in honour only (Jones v Vernons Pools, 1938). Comes to the advertisements, they not create any legal relations. A statement will not be binding if the court considers that it was not seriously meant (Weeks v Tybald, 1605). Legal relation can only be created in commercial agreement, advertisement or agreement where money is exchanged. In this scenario, there is no intention to create legal relation because this is a situation about two neighbours so it is about social relations. As social relation cannot be enforced, there is no intention to create legal relation. Word count: 667 Bibliography: http://www.lawteacher.net/free-law-essays/contract-law/rules-of-offer-and-acceptance.php http://www.warrenhills.org/cms/lib/NJ01001092/Centricity/Domain/356/BL%20Chapter%206%20%20Offer%20and%20Acceptance1.pdf http://www.lawteacher.net/free-law-essays/contract-law/difference-between-offer-and-invitation-contract-law-essay.php https://www.rocketlawyer.com/article/whats-the-difference-between-bilateral-and-unilateral-contracts.rl https://lawexams.com/unilateral-contracts http://www.allaboutlaw.co.uk/stage/study-help/contract-law-offer-acceptance http://www.4lawschool.com/contracts101/offer.htm http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/consideration http://www.lawteacher.net/lecture-notes/contract-law/consideration-lecture.php http://e-lawresources.co.uk/Consideration.php References Anon, (2017). [online] Available at: http://catalogue.pearsoned.co.uk/assets/hip/gb/hip_gb_pearsonhighered/samplechapter/Elliott_contract_C01.pdf [Accessed 3 Jan. 2017]. E-lawresources.co.uk. (2017). Contract agreement Offer and acceptance. [online] Available at: http://www.e-lawresources.co.uk/Offer-and-acceptance.php [Accessed 3 Jan. 2017]. Fafinski, S. and Finch, E. (2010). Contract law. 1st ed. Harlow: Longman. Lawteacher.net. (2017). Example Answers to Questions on Offer and Acceptance | Law Teacher. [online] Available at: http://www.lawteacher.net/free-law-essays/contract-law/answers-to-questions-on-offer-and-acceptance-contract-law-essay.php [Accessed 3 Jan. 2017]. Lawteacher.net. (2017). Formation of A Contract | Contract Law | Custom Essay. [online] Available at: http://www.lawteacher.net/lecture-notes/contract-law/agreement-lecture.php [Accessed 3 Jan. 2017]. Study.com. (2017). What Is an Offer in Contract Law? Video Lesson Transcript | Study.com. [online] Available at: http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-an-offer-in-contract-law.html [Accessed 3 Jan. 2017].

Imitation and Literature :: Literature Essays Literary Criticism

Imitation and Literature    Imitation is a foundational concept in the creation and study of literature. The fundamental assumptions embedded in imitation create a distinct and divisive method of perception. Imitation requires a basic belief in separation: appearance apart from reality, form apart from content. Literary works possess a dual existence, where the surface becomes most useful   in its ability to reveal the substance contained within. Because the truth remains concealed, it can only be discerned or discovered through imitation. Thus imitation exists as an intermediary in a variety of artistic representations, each aspiring for an accurate depiction of   meaning, perhaps even the basic truths of human existence. For Plato, however, art imitates a world that is already far removed from authentic reality, Truth, an inherently flawed copy of an already imperfect world. Art as an imitation is irrelevant to what is real. Many critics since Plato have attempted to reestablish the essential value of art by redefining or renegotiating the boundaries between imitation and authentic reality, between the text itself and meaning.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From ancient to more modern critics, art is defined, vilified, or redeemed by its ability to imitate. Aristotle values imitation as a natural process of humanity. Tragedy is simply a manifestation of the human desire to imitate. He asserts that every person "learns his lesson through imitation and we observe that all men find pleasure in imitations" (44). Unlike Plato's world of Forms, knowledge of truth and goodness are rooted in the observable universe to Aristotle. Because imitation strives to create accurate particularized images of the real world, it is a source for potential discovery and delight. Neoclassical criticism accepts as givens Aristotle's statements about the nature of art and reality. Art is valuable precisely because it is imitative. As Sir Philip Sydney states, "Poesy is an art of imitation...with this end, to teach and delight" (137). Imitation not only entertains, but gains a moral/ethical purpose: to teach virtue. Ar tists must, in addition to possessing great creative skills, also bear moral responsibility for shaping their imitations. Samuel Johnson seems to revisit Plato's attack upon art with his admission that an accurate imitation of morally questionable subject matter is not only unacceptable, but potentially harmful to those who encounter it. In order to accommodate a strong moral sense, Johnson describes imitation as a process of interpretation.   "The business of a poet... is to examine, not the individual, but the species.

Study Guide for Final Exam – Criminal Law

Concepts of Criminal Law AJ-320 Study Guide – Final Exam Understand rules relating to self defense, when can force be used, how much? Understand a perfect or imperfect defense. Understand affirmative defenses and burden of proof. Understand imminent danger. Understand the Castle doctrine. Understand defense of the cartilage. Understand the Choice of Evils (general principle of necessity) defense and when it can be used. Understand the consent defense. Understand the irresistible impulse rule. Understand the diminished capacity defense. Understand the juvenile court waiver. Understand the entrapment defense. Understand the concept of complicity. Understand the elements of being an accomplice. Understand the differences between the common law and modern approaches. Understand the concept of accessory-after-the-fact. Understand what vicarious liability is based on. Understand what a strict liability crime involves. Understand what traditional parental responsibility is based on. What are inchoate crimes? How was common law attempt recognized? What are the elements of the Model Penal Code approach to an attempt? Understand the difference between legal and factual impossibility. What is the unilateral approach to modern conspiracy statutes? How does a party abandon an attempt? Understand the difference between a wheel and chain conspiracy. Which was the first state (1794) to split murder into two degrees? Which early common law, which felons were subjected to the death penalty? What is bifurcation as it relates to capital homicide cases? What is the objective reasonable person test in voluntary manslaughter? Understand the differences between voluntary and involuntary manslaughter. What are the elements of a criminal homicide? What is the most famous case relating to Corporate Homicide? Know the following cases: State v. Harold Fish (2009), People v. John Gray et al. (1991], People v. Goetz (1986), State v. Thomas (1997) Read the glossaries for Chapters Five through Nine.

Popular Culture and the Humanities Essay

I am writing this letter as a piece of a time capsule. I wish to capture for you a day in the life of the typical person in 2012. I have to say at this point that my day starts early. The house really starts buzzing around 6:00. Usually my husband is out to work at this time. Giovanni, my son, takes a shower getting ready for school. I start making coffee, and getting breakfast ready. Then we have breakfast together and soon he has to wait for the bus to bring him to school. His bus ride is about thirty from where we live. We chose a Catholic school for our children, Guilherme, 21 yrs old, graduate from Salesian High School and is current living in Pennsylvania in his last year in De Sales University and Giovanni 15 yrs old, attends Salesian High School. We want them to learn and practice a catholic faith. Next I have to get ready to go to work. It takes about ten minute driving to the school. Little Angels is private Preschool School; I teach a Pre-school class, which has 13 children. We have to use an electronic card to gain access to building. Nowadays you can’t be too careful with security. My schedule is from 9 to 5 every day, I have one hour lunch break, and I spend trying to juggle between homework, work and chores. I am currently a part time student at Kaplan University. I do not attend physical classes in a physical building. My classes are online. This means that I receive the information through the internet. The internet is the only way to communication nowadays. I have never met my professors face to face, but we correspond through discussion boards on the school’s web site. The Internet is named for â€Å"interconnection of computer networks†. It is a massive hardware combination of millions of personal, business, and governmental computers, all connected like roads and highways . Business, schools and even governments have come to depend on the internet as the main way to exchange information and even goods. No single person owns the Internet. No single government has authority over its operations. Some technical rules and hardware/software standards enforce how people plug into the Internet, but for the most part, the Internet is a free and open broadcast medium of hardware networking. Most of my banking, education and work are done online. Throughout a typical day, I will pay bills on the internet, access my class information on the internet and correspond with my sister and brother in Brazil through e-mail or Skype. At 5 when I came home usually my husband is waiting for me and we go for a two mile run. After I use the stove which cooks food by using electricity to heat pots or pans on the top of the stove or elements in the oven of the stove. This may not really represent our popular culture right now, since many people prefer to eat in restaurants, but we prefer to cook our own food since it healthier that way. That is pretty much what our days are like in the year 2012. We use a lot of technology, but family time and interaction with each are still the strengths of my day. We enjoy devices like cars, GPS, and dishwashers, refrigerators, air condition, cell phones, Ipads, which makes our lives so much easier. Even though we have made much medical advancement, we still have not found cure for Cancer, but we had good news this week, it looks like a regular sports bra, but it’s meant to help women detect early signs of breast cancer. Lifeline Biotechnologies has developed the First Warning System, or a smart bra, after years of research. The concept is called â€Å"thermography,† which relies on precisely detecting heat or abnormal heat signatures from tumors versus normal tissue. †Dr. Siavash Jabbari of Sharp Barnhart Cancer Center in Chula Vista, Calif., said the device is an â€Å"encouraging sign in the fight against cancer,† and it will give hope to the one in eight American women who develop the disease in their lifetime. The bra is still in a trial stage, but it’s showing good results. The company hopes the device will be available in the U.S. within the next two years. To us women this is good news, because mammograms are so painful and not so efficient. Times right now seem pretty uncertain. Unemployment is high, and it is difficult to find a job. My only wish is that my boys to grow up to be good people, to give back to society rather than take from it, and I want them to be able to take care of themselves and their future families. This is a year of a President Election, Barak Obama our President against Mitt Romney. I’m personally going for Obama because he’s actually trying and he is the best hope for our financial country recovery. Sincerely, Vivian Lopes Part 2: An Example of Morality and Decision Making Abortion and Pro – Life Nowadays, in this world, there are a lot of problems that can cause great conflicts for human beings. One of the most complex problems is abortion. This is due to moral and ethical values which we all have. The majorities of us are Catholics and as small children were taught values that are based on the bible such as that famous phrase â€Å"Thou shall not kill†. This phrase relates to an abortion because abortion is the murder of a human being. My own personal beliefs of abortion come from my Christian faith I believe abortion is wrong and it is murder. Pro – Life is great organization that is sponsored by Catholics as they try to prevent abortion and promote alternatives to abortion. Abortion is murder. We should support life and not end it. Part 3: My Definition of Happiness A smile, a laugh, a quick thoughts, going for a jogging in a cool summer day; chocolate; my son’s up to give me a hug because he hasn’t seen you all day or in a long time, these are the little things, these are happiness these are all things that make me happy. Happiness is very simple to me. Having the necessities of life and knowing that my family is taken care of. Have shelter and food and clothes. I want my boys to have the best educational opportunities that they need and the healthcare that they need. I want to live debt free and try to teach that lifestyle to my Boys. Being materialistic does not make anyone happier. The things that are most important are relationships with my husband and children, our friends and extended family. These things will bring more happiness that any expensive vehicle will. I have come to this view seeing many people chase things that in the end leave them alone and unhappy. Just being happy with your life and accepting who you are and what you have will bring you happiness. Part 4- The day Osama bin Laden had been killed On May 1, 2011, President Barack Obama announced that Osama bin Laden had been killed in a terrorist compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan. In an 8-month plan enacted by the president, and led by CIA director Leon Panetta and American special forces, Osama was shot several times. His body was taken as evidence of his death, and DNA tests revealed that the body was, in fact, his. â€Å"For over two decades, bin Laden has been al Qaeda’s leader and symbol and has continued to plot attacks against our country and our friends and our allies,† President Obama said in a late-night address to the nation on the eve of Osama’s death. â€Å"The death of bin Laden marks the most significant achievement to date in our nation’s effort to defeat Al Qaeda.† He added that â€Å"his demise should be welcomed by all who believe in peace and human dignity† (www.biography.com) Part 5: The Twin Towers I believe that the Twin Towers of the World Trade should be included because they represent big change in our society. When the Towers were attacked on September 11, 2001, many people realized that the world not completely favorable of the American lifestyle. We realized that there are people out there like to hurt and kill for no reason, or just try to take our freedom .Every day we live with the reality of being at war. It made us all step back and think about our national security and how to be safer. The sense of community that happened after that attack still brings tears to my eyes. Over 3,000 people died in those attacks that were coordinated by al-Qaeda. After twelve years later, we’re about to finish building the first â€Å"green† building in Manhattan. It consists of four main things that make it green. Those are; energy efficiency, water efficiency, good indoor air quality, and sustainable materials. It runs on fuel cells which are powered by natural gas. This is probably standard in your world; however, this is the first building that has this ground breaking technology. It is supposed to be made from materials that make it near impossible to destroy. I remember watching a documentary where they showed how they were going to build it. I remember them saying the stairwells are wider with oxygen being pumped into the air and automatic safety features installed for emergencies. It is an impressive building that symbolizes us still stand as one nation under God; and also represents all the innocent’s lives lost for no reason. Part 6: Taylor Swift – Long Live song Taylor Swift at just the age of twenty, She is simply a young, brilliant, and stunning singer. She has released 3 albums all of which have had hit singles. Though it was only 4 years from her debut to her most recent album Speak Now, her music shows how much she has grown as a person and as a singer ; with each song written so beautifully, it is amazing to believe it was written by a twenty year old. This is one of my favorite songs on the album. It means a lot to me, looking back at my life and remembering how it felt and what the journey was to get here. It is deep and profound and makes me happy inside can explain. Part 7: Shrek Fairy tales don’t always follow the same boring pattern; beautiful princess falls in love with her prince charming and they live happily ever after. The movie Shrek, an ogre and a beautiful princess fall in love, though this beautiful princess has a secret; her secret is that by day she is a beautiful princess, and by night she’s an ogre. Shrek thought she was beautiful as a human and as an ogre; this hidden message is shown as beauty is in the eye of the beholder. Also in the movie, another implied message is that people are prejudice to stereotypes. Though, once you truly know someone, it can be really wonderful and life changing. Though this fairy tale isn’t like the average fairy tale, it still has implied and hidden messages. Shrek displays many of these, each were carefully thought out and written to match the others perfectly. Even though Princess Fiona didn’t end up beautiful in the way she thought, Shrek still thought she was beautiful as an ogre. Being beautiful to someone can mean more than being beautiful to everyone. Donkey may have been very annoying in the beginning, but Shrek learned that he was a true friend, even when he judged him from the beginning Donkey reminded Shrek who he loved and wanted, which changed his life forever. Friendships can last forever, and can have many impacts on a person. Part 8: The I Pad I chose the I Pad (portable computer), to leave in my time capsule. This electronic device is where you store all of your information. I’m sure you have something much more advanced, but this was quite the item back in my day. It is portable and most people use them when they are in school, working, or to read. This is the technology of the 21st century; the I Pad is just one of the devices owned by Apple. They are also responsible for bringing us the iPod for music, the iPhone cellular device of our century and the Mac Book (laptop). They are the most expensive devices, but they are very impressive machines. This company (Apple) owns the electronics of our time. References: Net for beginners References: Retrieved from http://netforbeginners.about.com/od/i/f/What-Is-The-Internet.ht./ Fox news References: Retrieved from http://www.foxnews.com/health/2012/10/18/new-mart-bra-could-detect- breast-cancer/#ixzz29xjyPhGM Bibliography Imdb.com Shrek (2001) References: Retrieved from2012/10/18 – Memorable quotesImdb.com (1990) Shrek (2001) – Memorable Biography References: Retrieved from, 2012/10/18http://www.biograph.com/people/osama-bin-laden-37172quotes. Online Available at: http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0126029/quotes You tube; References: Retrieved from, 2012/10/18 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gidYacgDeH8 Apple; References: Retrieved from, 2012/10/18 http://www.apple.com/ipad/features/

east of eden responce essays

east of eden responce essays "A man so painfully in love is capable of self-tortue beyond belief." This powerful line struck me as i read chapter nine of John Stienbecks, East of Eden. A strong message is founded by this Chapter, and is simply stated in that one line. Mr. Edwards, a man surrounded by women has created a most impersonal relationship with every one. He seems to have a strong controll over himself and conducts himself as a man of business. He cannot be bothered with emotion of conection because it may interferr with business. Aloof and alone, Mr.Edwards self is completely trasnformed the moment he meets Catherine, a woman who possesses a key, that allots her to pass through the boundaries of Mr. Edwards' soul. Stienbeck skillfully developes the character of Mr. Edwards. To the reader, he is easy to understand and fairly simple. His motives were obvious and it seems he could not care much less for anything else. Not an ignorent man, he distrusted most of his woman and thought of them as units. He was the perfect character to present the intense powers of Catherine. The reader has already experienced has evil and was slightly aware of her power over men, but hardly to the extent of her relationship to Mr. Edwards. Mr. Edwards may have been a smart, cold man, but he was powerless in the presents of Catherine. "And indeed a little warning buzz did sound in his brain, but it was not loud enough." Steinbeck foreshadows the fall of Mr. Edwards. Part Two of Chapter Nine explains the depths of Catherines controll and Mr. Edwards misery. "If in all the years Mr. Edwards had heard about anyone like himself he would have laughed. For Mr. Edwards, as a coldblooded a whoremaster as ever lived, had fallen hopelessly, miserably in love with Catherine Amesbury." The words capture, so well the irony and tragedy of this situation. Steinbeck even uses Catherines full name to make it clear that she has become everything to Mr. Edwards. He spends a great deal of his...

Michigan Expanding Social Security

Michigan Expanding Social Security Spotlight on Expanding Social Security Since 2010, Social Security’s total expenditures have exceeded non-interest income of its combined trust funds at a deficit of $49 billion.[i]Social Security’s trustee report has continued to project deficits that have, unfortunately, come to fruition. In 2011, the deficit was around $45 billion with US taxpayers expending over $132 billion – more than the annual budget of the Departments of Labor, Commerce, Interior, Justice, and Agriculture combined. In the 2012 fiscal year, Social Security and Medicare accounted for nearly 40 percent of the federal expenditures with a deficit of $55 billion. According to the trustees report, the deficit will likely reach $75 billion in the next few years. Moreover, without any policy changes, Social Security will only be able to pay full benefits until around 2033; thereafter, only about 75% of benefits would be available.[ii]In fact, the report further projects that by 2016 the Disability Insurance trust fund will be complete ly exhausted with Medicare’s fund to be depleted shortly thereafter. Therefore, it’s not surprising that Americans are concerned about their future and financial well-being or that Congress has come under scrutiny to act promptly in addressing changes to the long-term financial support of the program. The trustees report urges lawmakers to â€Å"address the financial challenges facing Social Security and Medicare as soon as possible. Taking action sooner rather than later will leave more options and more time available to phase in changes so that the public has adequate time to prepare.†[iii]Many critics have been pushing for a comprehensive solvency package, covering retirement and disability Social Security programs. Others push for stricter scrutiny in disability cases to help decrease the amount of applicants who receive an approval – a trend that seems to be in effect despite these even harsher recommendations and yet the deficit continues to grow.[i v] We understand the concern and criticism about the current state of Social Security benefits, and the ever-changing rules impacting approval rates.  Call us  today to set up a free consultation and let our experienced  Michigan Social Security Disability  attorneys help you get approved.[i] For full reports by year, see  ssa.gov/oact/tr/index.html.[ii]  See  cbpp.org/cms/index.cfm?fa=viewid=3753.[iii]  See  ssa.gov/oact/tr/index/html.[iv] See Article ‘Social Security Trends Affecting Applications and Awards’ for more information.

The top 5 benefits of recruitment marketing for HR professionals

The top 5 benefits of recruitment marketing for HR professionals After a decade of economic uncertainty and high unemployment, job seekers are finding themselves in a favorable job market. As such, recruiting top talent is going to be much harder than it was in 2008. Recruitment and talent acquisition will become a lot more competitive, so positioning your employer brand and recruitment marketing strategy will be key to attracting the best and the brightest.According to a recent survey conducted by HR.com, only 32% of HR professionals understand recruitment marketing to a high degree and only 20% do a good job. Given this information, in order to truly reap the benefits of recruitment marketing, you must first understand what it is.According to PandoLogic, recruitment marketing is the suite of strategies and tools you  use to build and maintain your employer brand, connect with potential hires, and manage outward messaging about your company. It’s not quite the same thing as standard marketing- you’re not selling your product or se rvice, but rather your company. It’s also not quite the same as talent acquisition.  Recruitment marketing consists of the various activities an organization uses to find, attract, engage, and nurture talented prospects before, during, and after they apply for a job. With that being said, here are the potential benefits.Better marketing and word of mouthYour employer brand is only as good as its reputation. Targeting sites like Glassdoor and making sure you have a positive image can do wonders for how your brand is perceived. Think about it: if a job seeker wants an honest review of what it’s like working at your company, where will they go? Chances are, they will take to Glassdoor. If they see a plethora of negative reviews, they will most likely pass on working at your company.Reduced time to hireBut there is more to recruitment marketing than just your employer brand. The software you use will determine how efficient you are at filling your open positions. Having a clear recruitment marketing strategy will keep you up-to-date on the latest technological innovations in recruitment. For example, innovations such as AI-enabled recruitment software can save you time and money on manual tasks that can easily be automated.hbspt.cta.load(2785852, '9e52c197-5b5b-45e6-af34-d56403f973c5', {});Better quality of hireAnother aspect of recruitment marketing that can’t be underestimated is the power of big data.  Data is ultimately the foundation for any AI-enabled technology, especially in recruitment. Big data can help you target people who meet a certain standard and help ensure that you’ll get better candidates.Better ROI for your budgetWhat proper business doesn’t want a return on their investment? Recruitment marketing is no different. As a recruiter, you’re investing resources in order to obtain employees who then help your company thrive. Part of the recruitment marketing strategy is analyzing your job advertising spen d and figuring out where your money is most effectively spent, what’s not working, and reallocating resources as necessary.Overall, developing and maintaining an effective recruitment marketing strategy is essential if you want to experience all of the aforementioned benefits.  By embracing best practices now, you’re helping to ensure better, smoother hiring in the future and an improved candidate  experience. Of course, this is just a high-level overview. It doesn’t actually touch on how to achieve these benefits in great detail. If you’d a more in-depth analysis, please visit PandoLogic  to read their multi-layered blog post.

Most Unforgettable Person - Part 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Most Unforgettable Person - Part 2 - Essay Example While shopping, we met two of our neighbours whom he swiftly initiated a conversation with. My grandfather was social. The neighbours insisted on paying for the bill of the items we had bought as an appreciation of what my grandfather did to their children every New Year. This left us with adequate money to organise the party to the standard expected by my grandfather. While I was assisting my grandfather set up the tent on the grounds where the party was to take place, I faced challenges fastening the tops due to my height. This is when I came to appreciate that my grandfather was tall. With a little help from a low lying bench, he stretched out his arm to set the top of the tents. I realised that all along, his hat did not leave his head. Sure as I am about his high hygienic standards, my grandfather did not dirty his clothes as much as I did as we set the tent and put everything in

Electrical Principles Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Electrical Principles - Assignment Example In this way, each series circuit will have a series protection resistor. We will calculate the amount of current in each parallel circuit by adding the individual currents taken by the each series circuit. Lest suppose we have 2 series circuits in parallel connection then the current will be +. Use a combination of truth tables and Karnaugh maps to design a logic circuit to control the compressor Credit will be given for creating an efficient circuit using the smallest possible number of logic gates. There is no need for the microprocessor in this process, as the microprocessor will have more losses as compared to that of the logic gate ICs. Moreover, if microprocessor is used for the process it will require excessive cooling. Microprocessors are fast and rapid in processing various type of information. It is only the fact and advantage of the microprocessor in this application. Calculate the required rotational speed in Hz for the generator to produce a voltage whose average magnitude is 12V. You may assume that the flux witnessed by the coil drops to zero momentarily each time it leaves the field. Calculate the maximum amount of energy which can be harvested when a vehicle slows from 40km/h to a standstill. Assume the vehicle mass is given by 1XX0 kg where XX are the last two numbers of your student number. A bank of 100 supercapacitors is to be used to store the energy. Each supercapacitor has a capacitance of 1.5F. Assuming 80 percent of the available energy is captured, and assuming that the capacitors have an initial voltage of 12V, determine the voltage to which they must be charged to store the captured energy. You should specify how the capacitors are connected and justify your

Operating Systems and Networking Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Operating Systems and Networking - Assignment Example To make computing technology effective, one of the leading giants, L'Oreal launched an online learning system for its 60,000 employees in 58 countries. The idea is to provide the employees an individual learning room. Moreover, in a broader context, the online system is designed to meet long term training requirements and expectations of L'Oreal employees. In addition, the online learning system will also support the functional requirements of the organization. The architectural benefit of the online system involves the creation of learning methods and tools including traditional classroom workshops, on job learning, distance learning, demonstration of training videos and creative learning of the web 2.0. Furthermore, the system will aid L'Oreal to modify and maintain training material whereas remaining elastic to meet training needs, that change from time to time (L'Oreal decides CERTPOINT is worth it for staff. 2009). Although there is no comparison of these two organizations, must an application operating on a computer network with loaded learning tools, will certainly add value to the company. The new network implementation will facilitate the company with intranet application, staff communication, and self-learning tools. The intranet application will aid in employees to communicate with each other via emails. The documentation is always a hassle when maintained manually, intranet application facilitates managed documentation with online filling of forms that can be saved in the hard drive or data storage. Moreover, sharing of these forms with almost anyone on the network is also an advantage. Furthermore, certain announcements and memos can also be received via email or on the dashboard of intranet applications. Information related to training center and student can be managed digitally, enabling the organization to maintain paperwork more efficiently. Online charts and graphs related to student performance, company performance, tutors performance and cha nges in higher management are viable on the site instantly that improves communication better within the employees. In addition, online surveys and suggestions are always considered due to efficient response and eliminate hassle of paper work (, Intranet - advantage, type, benefits, cost, Intranet applications, Designing an intranet, The cost of setting up and running an intranet ). Moreover, the computer network will provide shared resources and centralized administration. The shared resources may include videos and course material related to beauty training, which will assist students. Beauty Salons with IT Enabled Services Beauty Studio based in South Africa is aiding its employees and customer by Information technology integration. The business definition of the ‘Beauty Studio’ is â€Å"We are a established clinic that aim to provide clients with a professional service and a skilled touch† The salon covers almost all types of professional services including p ermanent makeup, lash extensions and ‘botox and filetrs’ (, Beauty Studio Salon). Moreover, the software incorporated in the salon is named as ‘body care gate’. This software is designed to cover beauty salon and spa facilitates with massage therapy software, practice software that is free in cost, it shares the feature of integration of customer data. Furthermore, billing, invoicing, scheduling appointments, monitoring receivables,

PSYCHOLGOY ( MOTHERS WHO KILL THEIR CHILDREN) Assignment

PSYCHOLGOY ( MOTHERS WHO KILL THEIR CHILDREN) - Assignment Example Since, this is abnormal and unacceptable for a sensible mother. However, the discussion coupled with much time and money spend to yield to a valid reason why infanticide occurrences; this rests with forces of society, besides health complications. Primarily, society contributes immensely to infanticide than one’s mental incapability, which emanates from stress prompted by child’s responsibilities involved (White & Meyer 24). Psychologists, medical practitioners and scholars, via numerous researches from the past, have lacked valid reason why a mother would opt for an infanticide. All what they hold to are speculations, which range from social to medical disorders, and they normally recommend medical check up as an absolute remedy (White & Meyer 73). Conversely, a paternal killing prompts the society to wail loudly for a speedy and tough action against the offender. Speculations arrived at for an infanticide especially from mother’s perspective encompass societal, like depression emanating from salvaging a breaking relationship due to the childs presence (Ian 75). Other occasions may be due to harsh treatment by her spouse where she wants to retaliate to what she has undergone, hence killing the baby. Mothers sometimes due to their immense mercy may opt for infanticide due to what they speculate the child will suffer in the absence of required necessities (Shelton, Yvonne & Kathleen 23). To date, despite numerous and intensive studies, they have not concluded concrete reasons meant for maternal killings. Since, this remains a mystery bearing in mind that the safest people with a child are the biological parents. The world elite to date and in the future will remain to be making mere speculations regarding the causes and remedy for infanticide (White & Meyer 20). Shelton, Joy Lynn E., Yvonne Muirhead, & Kathleen E. Canning. Ambivalence Toward Mothers Who Kill: An Examination Of 45 U.S. Cases

Outsourcing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Outsourcing - Research Paper Example Why are they still outsourcing from these suppliers. Are there more fundamental principles that need to be considered? This work will try to answer these questions and other issues in more details. National Express is the largest scheduled coach service provider in Europe. In the UK, distinctive white National Express coaches operate to more than 1,000 destinations and carry over 17 million customers a year. The Euro lines coaches additionally operate to over 500 destinations within Europe and Ireland. National Express coach services also serve the major UK airports with additional dedicated on-airport coach and bus services operated by Air links that are based at Gatwick. They also provide a Hotel Hoppa service, which links major hotels at both Heathrow and Gatwick to the airport terminals. Other dedicated airport operations help to serve British Airports Authority (BAA) and the wider airline community at these increasingly busy locations. National Express Ltd is also part of a leading international transport provider - National Express Group (NEG), which itself has over 45,000 employees. In addition to train and bus companies within the UK including Gatwick Express, one, Midland Mainline and Travel West Midlands their overseas operations include student transportation and public transit in the USA & Canada, the management of Stewart International Airport near New York and bus and coach operations in Spain operated by Alsa. In total the National Express Group now carry over 1 billion passengers a year. National Express outsources 80%of their services from third party with whom they have long term contracts. With a growing competition from many other operators, the abolition by the government of the subsidies of elderly and disable passengers, and the financial austerity, National Express like many other companies is under lot of pressure to provide a good value for money service. The aim of this project is to investigate and

Write an essay in which you discuss what prevents some people from - 1

Write an in which you discuss what prevents some people from helping others around them who are in need - Essay Example Cortà ©s arrived at the Mexican coast at a place called Yucatan in 1519 a year after Spain had discovered the country. He named the place Veracruz a name that has remained in use to date. Accompanying him were 508 soldiers ,100 sailors an 14 small canons which he used to defeat the natives during his reign here(Schwartz and Stuart B ,2000 , pg 12) . He first settled in Tabasco where he faced a strong opposition from the natives. However, he fought back harshly and the natives surrendered. This was the start of his success in Mexico. The Tabasco offered his food, women and an interpreter who was known as La Malinche or Doà ±a Marina who acted as the go-between with the locals. The Native war-men were not trained and were easily killed easily due to lack of skills and weapons. (Schwartz and Stuart B, 2000, pg 17). Few weeks after his arrival, he set sail from Yutican to the southeastern coast where he found Velasquez. Through orders from king charles1 of Spain, he dismissed the authority of Velasquez and declared himself king .Unlike many native leaders, Cortà ©s had knowledge on army training and he trained his men to act as a disciplined united unit (Schwartz and Stuart B, 2000, pg 25). The country was rich in minerals and fertile land and Cortà ©s was determined to dominate the land. He went to an extent of burning his ships to make re-treating not an option. During his stay here, Cortà ©s learned that the Aztecs under the rule of their powerful leader Montezuma II were a powerful primary force in Mexico. Due to his high level of Education, he knew he had to find support from within on order to conquer this powerful group. After an extensive research that took six months, he discovered the Tlaxcala’s who were a native group and great enemies of the Aztecs (Schwartz and Stuart B , 2000 , pg 41).The group became an important target during his raid of the

Outsourcing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Outsourcing - Research Paper Example Why are they still outsourcing from these suppliers. Are there more fundamental principles that need to be considered? This work will try to answer these questions and other issues in more details. National Express is the largest scheduled coach service provider in Europe. In the UK, distinctive white National Express coaches operate to more than 1,000 destinations and carry over 17 million customers a year. The Euro lines coaches additionally operate to over 500 destinations within Europe and Ireland. National Express coach services also serve the major UK airports with additional dedicated on-airport coach and bus services operated by Air links that are based at Gatwick. They also provide a Hotel Hoppa service, which links major hotels at both Heathrow and Gatwick to the airport terminals. Other dedicated airport operations help to serve British Airports Authority (BAA) and the wider airline community at these increasingly busy locations. National Express Ltd is also part of a leading international transport provider - National Express Group (NEG), which itself has over 45,000 employees. In addition to train and bus companies within the UK including Gatwick Express, one, Midland Mainline and Travel West Midlands their overseas operations include student transportation and public transit in the USA & Canada, the management of Stewart International Airport near New York and bus and coach operations in Spain operated by Alsa. In total the National Express Group now carry over 1 billion passengers a year. National Express outsources 80%of their services from third party with whom they have long term contracts. With a growing competition from many other operators, the abolition by the government of the subsidies of elderly and disable passengers, and the financial austerity, National Express like many other companies is under lot of pressure to provide a good value for money service. The aim of this project is to investigate and

The study of organizational behavior Essay Example for Free

The study of organizational behavior Essay The study of organizational behavior is concerned with: A) psychosocial, interpersonal, and organizational structure B) interpersonal, group dynamics in organizations, and work design C) psychosocial, interpersonal, and work design D) psychosocial, interpersonal, and group dynamics in organizations Points Earned: Correct Answer(s): D 2. The beliefs and assumptions about people, work, and the organization best reflects the: A) social surface B) formal organization C) informal organization D) overt part of an organization Points Earned: Correct Answer(s): C 3. The task of an organization is reflected in its: A) mission, purpose or goal B) human resources C) input materials D) structure Points Earned: 1. 0/1. 0 Correct Answer(s): A 4. The science of human behavior and individual differences is: A) psychology B) sociology C) engineering D) anthropology 5. EXTRA CREDIT: What was your preferred learning style as indicated by the VARK Questionnaire? Also list one way you want to take in intormation according to your style. For the extra point you had to name your VARK learning style AND one way to take in information (according to VARK) Points Earned: 0. /0. 0 6. The internal or external perspectives offer: A) conflicting explanations for human behavior B) complementary explanations for human behavior C) alternative explanations for human behavior D) similar explanations for human behavior 7. The specific setting within which organizational behavior is enacted would be called the: A) external environment B) situation C) organizational context D) group Points Earned: 0. 0/1. 0 8. Culture and the study of learned behavior comprise the domain of: A) management B) psychology C) sociology 9 . All of the following are internal behavioral processes except: A) Judging B) perceiving C) leading D) cognition The four main driving forces creating and shaping changes at work include: A) globalization, demography, diversity, ethics B) globalization, technology, diversity, employee attitudes C) globalization, diversity, ethics, and technology D) globalization, technology, religiosity, ethics 11. The description of an organization as clockworks, in which human behavior is logical and rational, would come from which level within the organization? A) organizational level B) internal level C) group or department level D) individual level The work of Hofstede is important because his studies revealed that more differences n work-related attitudes can be explained by: A) culture B) age C) gender D) profession The major difference between prejudice and discrimination is: A) prejudice refers to behavior and discrimination refers to an attitude B) discrimination has been shown to have more of an impact on productivity than prejudice C) prejudice has been shown to have more of an impact on productivity than discrimination D) prejudice refers to an attitude and discrimination refers to behavior Points Earned: 0. 0/1. According to your text, African-Americans and Hispanic-Americans are likely to be at disadvantage within organizations because: A) available Jobs in the tuture will require less skill than in the past B) they are under-represented in declining occupations C) the proportion of African-Americans and Hispanic-Americans who are qualified for higher level Jobs are often higher than the proportion of qualified whites and Asian- Americans D) they tend to live in a small number of large cities that are facing severe economic difficulties Points Earned: 0. 0/1. 0 Globalization implies all of the following except: A) a borderless world B) competition between workers from other countries C) an organizations nationality is held strongly in consciousness D) the world is free from national boundaries Which of the following was NOT recommended as a technique for increasing the sensitivity of differences between people from various cultures? A) describing one anothers culture B) cultural sensitivity training C) cross-cultural task forces or teams D) role analysis technique (RAT) Which statement best captures the spirit of managing diversity? A) It is a painful examination of hidden assumptions that employees hold. B) It is assimilating women and minorities into a dominant male culture. C) It is complying with affirmative action. D) It is being a good corporate citizen. Which of the following statements/statistics about women in the workforce is incorrect? A) There has been little increase in the number of women CEOs.

Companies Act 2013 and CSR

Companies Act 2013 and CSR Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become an important part of companys functioning. With companies having a legal entity and existence in the eyes of law are required to contribute towards the society that they operate in. This has given emergence to CSR activities being evolved over a period of time. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) refers to various activities being undertaken with the aim of social welfare and welfare of the masses at large and includes various activities like Healthcare facilities, education, women empowerment, sanitation and hygiene etc. Though expenditures are incurred by the companies with regard to CSR activities since long ago, but the evolution of CSR activities can be broadly classified into Pre Companies Act 2013 and post Companies Act 2013 era. Further there are various income tax implications which are associated with CSR activities both in pre and post Companies Act 2013. Discussing the same in detail as follows: Prior to Companies Act, 2013: Prior to Companies Act 2013, the regulations as per Companies Act 1956 were applicable wherein there was no mandatory requirement on behalf of the companies to undertake CSR activities. It was on the companys option to decide whether to undertake CSR activities or not. There were many companies who did undertake CSR activities but not out of legal compulsion but to enhance their goodwill and set up better networks etc. Tax Implication: Thus, as the CSR activities was voluntary for companies there was no separate provision mentioned in this regard in the Income Tax Act, 1961 and various amendments thereon until 2013. Any expenditure incurred by companies as part of their CSR programmes was treated in the similar fashion and were guided by the other provisions of the Income Tax Act. Thus, such expenditures were claimed as deduction for companies to arrive at their taxable income as per sections like 35(2AA), 35(AC), 80G etc. Furthermore, such CSR activities related expenditure was generally claimed as a general deduction as per section 37(1) of Income Tax Act, 1961 rather than under sections 30 to 36 dealing with specific expense related deductions. This was the treatment for CSR activities and their tax implications. Post Companies Act 2013: With the advent of Companies Act, 2013 making several amendments to the original Companies Act of 1956, there was an important amendment with regard to the Corporate Social Responsibility. With Companies Act, 2013 section 135(1) was introduced which made CSR activities mandatory for companies to be incur under certain application criteria. Thus companies with certain level of turnover or profits (mentioned further) would be compulsorily required to spend a certain percentage of their profits as CSR activities. Definition for the same is also mentioned in the act. Applicability: The section 135(1) as per Companies Act 2013is applicable to all the companies whether they are domestic company or foreign company, holding or subsidiary company, public or private company, if during any of the three preceding financial year Turnover of the company is 1000 cr. or more. Net worth of the company is 500 cr. or more. Net profit of the company is 5 cr. or more. On fulfilling any of the above three mentioned criteria, CSR obligations arise for the company. Quantum of Money to be Spent on CSR Activities: As per the mandate of the Companies Act 2013 u/s 135(1), the company which fulfils the above mentioned criteria is required to spend minimum of 2% of Average Net profit of the company for immediately three preceding financial years as CSR activities. Further, such amount should be spent in accordance with the items falling within the regulations of Schedule 7 of the Companies Act, 2013. This list of activities which are regarded as the broad spectrum of social welfare activities is not considered an exhaustive list. Thus, any expenditure for social welfare as approved by the companys board and CSR committee would be considered as CSR related expense provided it should not be with regards to the business and its operations in any way and should primarily focus upon the welfare of the society or masses at large. In case the company is not able to spend the required amount and fulfil its CSR obligation, they are required to disclose the same in their Annual reports. Computation of Average Net Profit: The computation of Average net profit which forms the base for determining the minimum amount to be spent on CSR activities is discussed in the section 198 As per companies Act 2013. This should not include the following: Any profits or gains of any overseas branch of the company. Any dividends received from any Indian company which is already in compliance with the Section 135 of the Companies Act 2013 i.e. it already complies with the CSR related obligation and thus dividend would have been distributed after complying with CSR obligation. The computation of the Average net profit can be summarised as follows: Particulars Amount Net profit After tax XXX Add: Allowed Credits Subsidies received from any government or public authority XX Gain on sale of any immovable property (original cost WDV) XX Less: Credits disallowed: Profit of capital nature like sale of any undertaking or unit XX Profit earned on sale of forfeited shares XX Premium received on debentures or shares XX Gain on sale of any immovable property (sales consideration original cost) XX Surplus on revaluing asset or liability at fair value (routed through P/L) XX Less: Expenses Allowed Directors Remuneration XX Bonus/ commission paid to staff XX Interest on debentures XX Usual working Charges XX Interest on loans (secured or unsecured) XX Tax on business profits (for any special reason) XX Tax on abnormal profits of the business XX Depreciation extent to Section123 XX Insurance expenses XX Bad debts written off XX Repairs (other than included in capital expenditures) XX Prior period items XX Contributions to charitable trusts XX Legal liability for any form of damages or compensations XX Add: Expenses Disallowed Income tax XX Capital loss on any sale of undertaking XX Expenses on revaluing asset and liabilities on fair value XX Compensations damages or any voluntary payments XX RESULTING AMOUNT- NET PROFIT FOR CSR XXX Average of such net profit for immediately preceding three financial years would be the Average Net profit for CSR obligation. 2% of such Average Net Profit amount would be the minimum CSR expenditure to be incurred. Activities not falling under the purview of CSR activities. All expenses cannot be considered as CSR expense. As stated earlier, they should be in conformity with the activities mentioned in the list / schedule VII of the Companies Act. Any activity undertaken by the company which is in conformity with the normal course of running the companys business would not be regarded as CSR activity. The activities which are regarded to be in the normal course of running the companys business are: Pre-condition of incorporating or running a business Any contractual obligation on part of the company requiring to undertake such activities If such activity falls under the legal obligation for the company as per any other law ir statutory provision governing the company. Further any activity conducted outside the geographical boundary of India or benefiting only the employees of the company or any contribution made to political parties would not fall under the purview of CSR activities. Discharge of CSR Related Obligation: The companies can carry out their CSR expenses in the following three ways: Fulfilling the CSR related obligation by making any form of contribution to specified funds as per the list included in the Schedule VII. By means of any registered NGO, society, trust etc. In other ways as mandated in the Companies (Corporate Social Responsibility) Rules 2014. Penalties with Regard to Non-Compliance: Any non-compliance on part of the company in fulfilling their CSR obligation would attract penalties as follows: Fine for the company of not less than 50,000 Rs. which may extend up to Rs. 25 lakhs. Officers of the company which are convicted of default would attract imprisonment of up to 3 years or Fine of not less than Rs. 50,000 which may extend up to Rs. 5 Lakhs. Both the penalties (for the company and the officers in default) may be attracted as the case may be. Other Regulations: Following other attributes and regulations regarding CSR obligation are as follows: CSR expenditure can be both in the form of spending or contribution made by the company. CSR expenditure is not regarded as a charity or donation made by the company in any form. Any form of surplus or any amount unspent arising out of the concerned CSR activity would not be regarded as the business profits for the company. Further no provision for unspent amount to be made. Only disclosure in the board report is required. Any form of excess expenditure incurred beyond the concerned limit of 2 % of average net profit is voluntary and cannot be set off against future CSR obligations of the company. If any grant is received for undertaking any CSR expenditure, the amount spent should be considered net of grants Tax Implications: After the introduction of mandatory Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) obligation as per the companies Act 2013, there was an explanation issued as per the Finance Act, 2014. It stated that any form of CSR expenditure that is incurred by the company shall NOT be regarded as the expenditure incurred by the company for its business or profession. As a result, deductions with regard to CSR expenditure for reducing the corporate income are not justified and hence cant be claimed. Thus, on one side it is compulsory to undertake CSR related expenditure as mandated by Companies Act, 2013 while on the other hand Income Tax Act does disallow such expenditure to be claimed as deductions. General Deductions under section 37(1): The income tax provisions as per Section 37(1) states that expenditure not falling under the section 30 to 36 of the income tax act would be allowed as general deduction under this section if the following conditions are satisfied: Expense is not in the form of Capital Expenditure Expense is not a form of Personal Expense Expense is not related to any form of offense which is prohibited by any law Such expense should necessarily be undertaken for the purpose of conducting the business or profession (wholly and exclusively). Thus, as per amendment made in the Finance Act 2014, any form of CSR expenditure which does fall under the provisions of section 30 to 36 and 80G of Income Tax Act, 1956, would be allowed as deduction to be claimed by the company. But any other form of CSR expenditure not falling under the above mentioned provisions cannot be claimed as general deduction under section 37 of the act. As a result, companies as a part of their tax planning measures should undertake CSR activities (as mentioned in schedule VII) which can also be claimed as deductions under section 30 to 36 and 80G of Income Tax Act 1961. This would help the companies to fulfil their CSR obligation requires as per Companies Act and also claim deduction in the Income tax act so that their taxable income can be reduced. This would serve dual purpose for the companies. Concept of Application of Income: As per the Finance ministry and Income Tax authorities, any form of Expenditure incurred for CSR activities are in the form of APPLICATION OF INCOME. This means that it is not an expense incurred to earn income rather it is the usage of already earned income towards the welfare of the society as their social responsibility. The Income Tax Act had been developed on the grounds that any form of expenditure which involves Application of Income would not be allowed to claim as a deduction as per the provisions. Thus, any form of CSR expenditure cannot be claimed as a deduction and thus would be disallowed in the hands of the company (for income tax purposes). Contrary to the above view there are certain people who believe that CSR activities being mandatory for the company should be allowed as a deduction. Further it was argued by experts that Directors remuneration is also computed as percentage of net profit which is allowed as a deduction in income tax act and so CSR related expenditure should have been allowed as deduction. It is opposed by income tax authorities on the ground that directors remuneration falls under the normal course of running the business and therefore I allowed under section 37(1) as a general deduction which is not the case with CSR expenditure. The basis of including any expenditure as related to CSR is that it should not fall under the normal course of running the business and thus does not adhere to the provisions of Section 37(1). Differential Form of Tax Treatment Pre and Post Companies Act, 2013: The major form of difference in tax treatment pre and post introduction of Companies Act 2013 is that deduction for CSR expenditure was allowed also as a general deduction under section 37(1) along with deduction claim under sec 30 to 36 or 80G for CSR activities, prior to introduction of companies Act 2013. This changed post introduction of Companies Act 2013 whereby the CSR expenditure could not be claimed as a general deduction under section 37(1) but could be claimed as deduction if it falls under the purview of section 30 to 36 and section 80G of the Income Tax Act. Details of CSR Spending of Companies ITC LIMITED Net Average Profit for the last 3 years = Rs. 12338.22 crores CSR Expenditure according to rules = Rs. 246.76 crores Actual CSR Spending = Rs. 247.50 crores Amount unspent = Zero Activities conducted in CSR which can be claimed as deduction in Income Tax: Activities Under Companys Act 2013 Deduction under Income Tax Act, 1961 Promoting Preventive Healthcare, Sanitation Poverty Alleviation (Schedule VII (i)) Section 35AC r.w. Rule 11k(i)(a),(f),(j) of the 1962 Rules 80G(2)(iiihk) Livelihood Enhancement (Schedule VII (ii)) Section 35AC r.w. 11K(i)(c),(i),(o),(p),(s) of the 1962 Rules Economic Empowerment of Women (Schedule VII (iii)) Section 35AC r.w. Rule 11K(i)(n),(i) of the 1962 Rules Ensuring Environmental Sustainability (Schedule VII (iv)) Section 35AC r.w. Rule 11K(i)(d),(h),(l),(q),(r) of the 1962 Rule 80G(2)(iiihl) Protection of National Heritage, Art Culture (Schedule VII (v)) Section 35AC r.w. Rule 11K Rural Development (Schedule VII (x)) Section 35AC and Section 35CCA TATA MOTORS Net Average Profit for the last 3 years = Loss of Rs. 2034 crores CSR Expenditure according to rules = Not Applicable due to loss Actual CSR Spending = Rs. 20.57 crores Amount Unspent = Zero Activities conducted in CSR which can be claimed as deduction in Income Tax: Activities Under Companys Act 2013 Deduction under Income Tax Act, 1961 Promoting Preventive Healthcare, Sanitation Poverty Alleviation (Schedule VII (i)) Section 35AC r.w. Rule 11k(i)(a),(f),(j) of the 1962 Rules 80G(2)(iiihk) Livelihood Enhancement (Schedule VII (ii)) Section 35AC r.w. 11K(i)(c),(i),(o),(p),(s) of the 1962 Rules Economic Empowerment of Women (Schedule VII (iii)) Section 35AC r.w. Rule 11K(i)(n),(i) of the 1962 Rules Ensuring Environmental Sustainability (Schedule VII (iv)) Section 35AC r.w. Rule 11K(i)(d),(h),(l),(q),(r) of the 1962 Rule 80G(2)(iiihl) INFOSYS Net Average Profit for the last 3 years = Rs. 12,800 crores CSR Expenditure according to rules = Rs. 256.01 crores Actual CSR Spending = Rs. 202.30 crores Amount Unspent = Rs. 53.71 crores (some of the projects undertaken are multi year) Activities conducted in CSR which can be claimed as deduction in Income Tax: Activities Under Companys Act 2013 Deduction under Income Tax Act, 1961 Promoting Preventive Healthcare, Sanitation Poverty Alleviation (Schedule VII (i)) Section 35AC r.w. Rule 11k(i)(a),(f),(j) of the 1962 Rules 80G(2)(iiihk) Livelihood Enhancement (Schedule VII (ii)) Section 35AC r.w. 11K(i)(c),(i),(o),(p),(s) of the 1962 Rules Ensuring Environmental Sustainability (Schedule VII (iv)) Section 35AC r.w. Rule 11K(i)(d),(h),(l),(q),(r) of the 1962 Rule 80G(2)(iiihl) Protection of National Heritage, Art Culture (Schedule VII (v)) Section 35AC r.w. Rule 11K Rural Development (Schedule VII (x)) Section 35AC and Section 35CCA BRITANNIA Net Average Profit for the last 3 years = Rs. 523.00 crores CSR Expenditure according to rules = Rs. 10.46 crores Actual CSR Spending = Rs. 10.46 crores Amount Unspent = Zero Activities conducted in CSR which can be claimed as deduction in Income Tax: Activities Under Companys Act 2013 Deduction under Income Tax Act, 1961 Promoting Preventive Healthcare, Sanitation Poverty Alleviation (Schedule VII (i)) Section 35AC r.w. Rule 11k(i)(a),(f),(j) of the 1962 Rules 80G(2)(iiihk) Livelihood Enhancement (Schedule VII (ii)) Section 35AC r.w. 11K(i)(c),(i),(o),(p),(s) of the 1962 Rules Rural Development (Schedule VII (x)) Section 35AC and Section 35CCA WIPRO Net Average Profit for the last 3 years = Rs. 7800.2 crores CSR Expenditure according to rules = Rs. 159.82 crores Actual CSR Spending = Rs. 159.82 crores Amount Unspent = Zero Activities conducted in CSR which can be claimed as deduction in Income Tax: Activities Under Companys Act 2013 Deduction under Income Tax Act, 1961 Promoting Preventive Healthcare, Sanitation Poverty Alleviation (Schedule VII (i)) Section 35AC r.w. Rule 11k(i)(a),(f),(j) of the 1962 Rules 80G(2)(iiihk) Livelihood Enhancement (Schedule VII (ii)) Section 35AC r.w. 11K(i)(c),(i),(o),(p),(s) of the 1962 Rules Ensuring Environmental Sustainability (Schedule VII (iv)) Section 35AC r.w. Rule 11K(i)(d),(h),(l),(q),(r) of the 1962 Rule 80G(2)(iiihl) Rural Development (Schedule VII (x)) Section 35AC and Section 35CCA CASE LAWS: P. Balakrishnan, Commissioner Of vs Travancore Cochin Chemicals Ltd. on 25 October, 1999 In this case law, the assesse had paid an amount to the FACT school and wanted to claim it as a deduction under the welfare expenditure. The AO denied the assessees claim and denied the deduction. The matter then went on the Tribunal where the assessee argued that the amount was not a donation but was paid as part of an expenditure to the school, as the children of most of its employees studied there. The assesse wanted to claim the deduction under Section 40A(9) but since, it was for the welfare of business and not in the form of capital expenditure, so it was allowed as a deduction under Section 37(1) and Section 40A(10). ACIT v Jindal Power Limited (IT APPEAL NO. (BLPR) OF 2012) In this case law, the assessee had claimed a certain amount paid for the CSR activity as deduction. But the AO, had rejected the claim based on the fact that it was not a statutory but a voluntary expenditure and not for the purpose of business. In this case, since it was a case before the amendments were brought up in Section 37(1). The Tribunal allowed the voluntary CSR to be treated as business expenditure. The Tribunal based its decision on that the Explanation 2 of the Act, which states for disallowance only on statutory expenditures. Since, it was not triggered, so it was allowed as a deduction. The Commr Of Income Tax vs M/S Infosys Technologies Ltd on 22 April, 2013 In this case law, the assessee had installed a traffic signal near to his office and claimed it under deduction under Section 37(1). The AO denied the claim of the assessee describing that it was not for the purpose of business. It has to be treated as a donation and cannot be claimed as a deduction. But, based on the claims of the assessee that the traffic signal would help its employees as it would help them to save time and reduce stress. The Tribunal than granted the company a deduction under Section 37(1). Mysore Kirloskar Ltd. vs Commissioner Of Income-Tax on 8 September, 1986 In this case, the assessee had a plant in a remote location and to attract best talents it had built a school for their children and donated it to a trust. The assessee had claimed it as a deduction under Section 37(1) stating that it was for the welfare of the business. The AO rejected the claim stating that it cannot be claimed as an expenditure. In this case the amount was paid to a trust which comes under Section 80G and the assessee can claim deduction under that. And also, only 61% students were the children of the assessees employees and so it can be stated that it was not fully for the welfare of the business. Commissioner Of Income Tax vs Rajasthan Spg. And Wvg. Mills Ltd. on 17 September, 2004 In this case, the assessee had given a bus to a school and claimed the expenditure as a deduction under Section 37(1), considering the fact that most of its employees children study in that school and the bus would benefit them as the school didnt have enough buses. The AO rejected the claim of the assessee terming the expenditure as a donation to the school and not for the welfare of the business. The Tribunal however ruled in the favour of assessee based on the several old cases which allowed such deductions under Section 37(1). Synopsis of Case Laws: In the case laws studied above, it has been made clear that prior to the Companies Act, 2013 and the Finance Amendment Bill, 2014, the companies had been claiming any sort of donation under the Section 37(1). The AOs rejected the Companys claims but they were randomly rejected by the Tribunals based on the several old judgements. The new amendment has brought about clarity as to what can be claimed as a deduction under CSR and what not can be.

Texas Holdem Excellence Essay -- Personal Narrative Card Games Essays

Texas Holdem Excellence How do we define odds to ourselves? Are they things that happen because they are suppose to or are they things that were written and statistics made them happen. Odds and statistics play major roles in almost every event in life. They affect everything from who we marry and how long it lasts right down to what shoes we wear. These odds and statistics are very noticeable to everyone especially in a game of Texas hold'em poker. The game has some skills involved but the odds still apply to the type of cards a player is dealt in order to use his skills. This poker game is new and is played by many but only mastered by a few. I happen to look at myself as some one who has mastered the game. On Friday brad came up to me in school and asked if I was coming to the tournament tonight at his house. I responded "its Friday night what do you think I will be doing." He then said" Be there around 7 with the usual twenty dollar buy in." Walking around all day with a big grin on my face because in my head I was thinking that I have this thing wrapped up. I know there were going to be fifty or more people at his house for the tournament which was winner take all. The grin on my face was from me remembering the last three weeks in which I won the tournaments very easily. Later on in the day we were sitting in our English class talking some trash to each other. I said to Dan" are you guys prepared to go down again tonight for the fourth strait week." Dan responded " there is no way you can win again the odds are against you, so you better be prepared to take a beating tonight." I snapped back" Yes, they might be running out but the odds also state that I have a one in two hundred and fifty chance of winning which I ... ... and seventy five dollars," said Brad with an expression less face. "Call" I boldly stated knowing I was going to win, as the whole room fell silent as they all gasped for air. The river card was an three which did nothing. This was the big moment as we both turned our cards over. "The winner of the money was Justin Slesser" stated Brian while brad shook my had and retreated up stairs. The tournament started at seven and ended just before eight in the morning. There were many up's and downs in the tournament, but all in all I was very happy and was just glad to spend the evening with my poker buddies just like every Friday night. All my hard work and risk taking I beat the odds that my buddy Dan set against me the day before. This goes to show that odds play big roles in every thing but don’t be afraid to take a risk because someone says the odds are against you.

Fertility Drugs Essays -- Research Papers Pregnancy Conception Papers

Fertility Drugs Most men and women are raised thinking that eventually they will marry and have children. What happens when a couple gets married and wants to have a child and finds out that after several times of having unprotected sex there is no pregnancy? The finger is usually pointed at the woman but in some cases it can be due to the man. In a woman's case, the problem is usually that she is not ovulating normally and in a man's case he might have low sperm count. These are the problems that are most heard of but there are other factors that can cause infertility. An anxious couple quickly turns to science to try and find a solution to their problem. Although taking fertility drugs is the "solution", it can be quite strenuous for the couple. The couple has to submit to an emotional roller coaster , possible financial hardship, and a love life that sounds more like supply and demand. Some couples get so tied up with conceiving a child that they do not enjoy what they're doing but rather do it o n demand. "Their marriages are sometimes threatened to the point of divorce."(p.16, Carr) "there is a definite relationship between infertility and stability and happiness in marriagemore than one-half of the couples who seek divorce are childless and the majority of infertile couples eventually apply for divorce."(p.16, Carr) When a couple is trying to conceive they will often have feelings of frustration and discouragement. As we see, making the decision of seeking help using fertility drugs requires that both parties be supportive of each other and really work together to achieve their goal. "Between 15 and 25 percent of all couples in the United States are infertile. If you've had unprotected sex for more than 12 months (if... ...rinologist). (www.infertility.about.com) For an application, list of requirements, or basic information about the organization you can visit http://www.fertilityfoundation.org Although this paper is long it does not provide nearly all the information available about infertility. This paper can be seen as tool. There's no doubt in my mind that taking fertility drugs is a very big decision. What I learned from this research is that many eager parents put their own health at risk in order to have a baby. Overall, success depends on each case individually and on the severity of your condition and age. Bibliography About, The Human Internet. http://www.infertility.about.com . (17 May 2001) Baby Center, Cradle and all. http://www.babycenter.com . (17 May 2001) Carr, Delta Genevieve. Fertile and Infertile Marriages. Xerox University Microfilms: USA, 1975.

Ethics Team Case

The auditor discovers that the manager in question, referred to as Charles, is exclusively responsible for setting bonus targets for himself and his department. This alone poses a red flag in the mind of the auditor.In particular is the simple fact that a manager should not be solely responsible or the distribution of bonus targets for his own gratuity. Furthermore, a fundamental element of internal control was not in play. This could give rise to a conflict of interest and overlook a segregation of duties. Following protocol, the auditor brings the issue up to senior management of the accounting firm who concurs that there is a potential issue and requests the auditor to pursue another meeting with Charles. Ultimately, it is determined that there is a noteworthy statement of error on the bonus accruals that will need to be reaffirmed.This will also be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). There is little doubt that this will be a poor reflection on the performance of Charles and may even lead to further ramifications. The auditor's manager is in agreement with this restatement until he learns that the manager that was audited was Charles. The accounting firm manager and Charles are friends outside of work and, from what we can gather, are close with each other's families as well. Immediately pressure is put on the auditor to reverse course and hold off on any formal restatements.With insinuations from the auditor's manager that filing any restatements against Charles or his department would be detrimental to her performance review, the auditor is now faced with a career changing decision. Her performance review and future with the company is at the discretion of her manager. More importantly, by correctly reporting the misstatement, she will guarantee a poor review and possibly a termination of employment. Placed in a compromising position, the auditor's loyalty is questioned. To whom does she owe her loyalty in this situation?As a Certified Public Accountant, there are certain calls of duty, a Code of Ethics to the profession, the obligation to the Organization, and the general financial stability of the marketplace. More importantly, a performance of one's responsibilities in identifying potential misstatements that prevent false or misleading information is proper protocol. In addition to these allegiances, there is the question of obligation that the auditor has to her direct supervisor; who, in this instance, is asking her to ignore duties to the firm and her professional association.We will examine several alternatives that the auditor could choose while being put in this precarious position. Ultimately we will arrive at what we determine is the cost appropriate decision among the alternatives and will argue that decision with ethical concepts we have learned throughout the semester. Alternatives and Measurements With further evaluation of the case, it is evident that the relevant stakeholder is the young auditor working for the large accounting firm. She is faced with decisions regarding her career, her loyalty to the company and manager, and her profession as a certified public accountant.The auditor is faced with various alternatives that can be leveraged to alleviate the compromising situation that she has found herself to be in at this time. It is clear that one alternative will ultimately hold itself morally superior than the other alternatives, but careful analysis relating to general moral theory is needed to appreciate the arguments. As determined by our team, the auditor is faced with four alternatives to benefit the current situation that she finds herself in.Below is our thorough analysis of the four alternatives, which eventually leads to the morally superior choice. As an auditor, this individual is faced with a precarious situation that has the potential to make or break her career as a Certified Public Accountant. Together, as a team, our first identifiable alternative to th e situation is for the young auditor to ignore the situation entirely. Kant thinks that the validity of morality depends on the freedom of the will and conceptually, a duty, and is certainly achievable (Discarding,J & McCall, 2014).Given this rationale, we have learned that the individual's manager has strongly encouraged the auditor to ‘indoor on other things and to move past these questionable findings† (Case 1). If the auditor simply conceded to the managers requests, she would ultimately assert herself to the belief that there is generally no laid or required moral standard. Relativism is a greater title. It is not what people do believe, but what they should believe. Imposing ones moral beliefs on another is wrong, especially if the belief is categorically immoral.Seeing that the auditor's manager has a direct relationship to Charles and his family clouds his judgment, but according to moral theory, it is not wise for the auditor to levy her beliefs on the situation . Turning a blind eye in the face of adversity is something that is not normally celebrated by individuals, but relevant to the young auditors career, it may have been the only viable Option at that time. Her direct manager has threatened the auditor indicating that by failing to let this go, her year-end performance review will be compromised (Case 1).The potential consequences could be debilitating and end her career as a Certified Public Accountant. The performance review was critical. It was duly noted that if one does not get promoted according to the firms regulated progression schedule, they are likely not to have a job after performance roundtable (Case 1). This could very well have been the only realistic alternative that the young auditor sensed at the end of the discussions. Collectively, as a team and contrary to the aforementioned option, we arrived at another credible alternative to the situation; asking a similar manager with unbiased views for his/her opinion.The aud itor states in the case that her direct manager was friends with Charles and did not want to see Charles ultimately come under scrutiny for his self-imposed bonus payout practices. With a willingness to review the matter at hand, managers sharing the same fiscal responsibility as the young auditor may appreciate the gravity of the situation. We looked to this alternative as a viable method of creasing the possible effects facing both Charles and the young auditor's manager.We can only assume and, therefore, hope that the other manager would see the â€Å"ethical implications† regarding the bonus payout made to both Charles and his employees. The correlation of basic rights holds important implications to this alternative by protecting the rights of persons in pursuit of the common good (Discarding, J & McCall, 2014). Most of us are committed to the belief that some individual interests should be protected from actions aimed at improving the good for all, that this is not alwa ys sufficientjustification for sacrificing the interests of the few.Individuals have rights that should not be sacrificed merely for satisfying the preferences of a majority (Discarding, J & McCall, 2014). If the auditor hydration had determined that Charles' actions are questionable at best, she has the right to bring it to the attention of another person other than her direct manager. This foundation relies on the fact that he was willing to do nothing in relation to the impropriety at hand. Basic rights are positive rights as well as duties (Discarding, J & McCall, 2014). They impose affirmative obligations to help secure another's interests.We can see as a team that it is necessary for the young auditor to evaluate the positive rights and duties as related to these alternatives. Besides the reinforcement of proper auditing procedures, the ill benefits of monies allocated to Charlie could further service the company or to other hard working employees. The positive duties can be s hared among players, in this case between the auditor and a similar manager; therefore it is obvious that the auditor can use this as an option to share her thoughts arising from Charles' duplicitous bonus practice.While involving others can somewhat be frowned upon in certain professional situations, we find that, given her hefty predicament, it is a necessary alternative for the young auditor going forward. As a team, we have two alternatives to the young auditor's current situation. Based on ethical theories and the current situation, our third alternative is relevant to the young auditor's mandatory decision process. General moral theory lends itself to the argument of theories, utilities and rights. Morality is a layered definition that lends itself to specific judgments and the obvious action that that the option is morally wrong.They can be determined as mid- level rules and/or basic principles, most notably a Certified Public Accountants Code of Ethics. We recognized the har mful consequences that could possibly be incurred by the bonus payouts for Charles and his team. Stated in the case are the facts that not only was Charles â€Å"responsible for setting the performance targets required for a bonus payout to both the employees in his department and himself,† but the auditor had also â€Å"quantified the bonus accrual to be misstated by several million dollars† (Case 1).In accord with the Utilitarianism argument represented in general moral theory, this misstatement directly relates to harmful consequences for both the individuals and society. When part of a large Fortune 500 company, financial statements are disclosed with the Securities Exchange Commission. Incorrectly reporting the financial not only places ramifications on the individuals responsible, in this case the auditing team and pertinent individuals from the company being audited at the time, but it relates directly to the stockholders of the company.Incorrect financial state ments can cause detriment to society as a whole seeing that investor's in the company would potentially be investing in a company that was misstating their financial for gain. As a team we decided that the cost/benefit analysis involving this situation was significant enough not to be overlooked. When faced with situations where the competent way of achieving one's goals and objectives jars with moral values, a person needs to ask herself why should one be ethical? The power to tackle the confusions produced by the leading view of management is the appeal of stakeholder theory.The theory suggests that a fundamental oral principle to bear on corporate activities; one that requires managers to acknowledge all that corporate stakeholders have equals their moral status. In addition, they are to acknowledge this status in all of their activities (Discarding, J & McCall, 2014). A Utilitarianism argument actually supports the stakeholder theory since it compels that managers take everyone' s interest into account, not just the stockholders. Ultimately it maximizes happiness and encourages interest satisfaction for all concerned in the situation (Discarding, J & McCall, 2014).Evaluating the decision and policy as to whether it increases utility for all that can be affected while defining the stakeholder, the young auditor faced with this problem would have no option but to let all relevant parties know the general misconduct affirmed by the company and choose to let senior management evaluate the egregious acts. Utilitarianism as learned benefits the â€Å"common good† and when relating the financial statements to larger portfolio of stockholders for the company, it seems necessary that this alternative is sustainable.We will be, more than likely, exposed to unethical behaviors in all venues of the business world. But, virtue has its own reward. There are countless, truthful ways that the young auditor can approach her ill-fated circumstances, but sometimes a pe rson could be uncovered to barriers that are beyond control. In order for a leader to inspire others, they need to lead by example. Good leadership takes strength of character and a firm commitment to do the right thing based on your moral code. Therefore, another alternative would be to release herself from the duties of the company.Ethics are normally concerned with moral responsibilities or with Inquiries linking to what is right or wrong. The actions of supervisors, what resolutions they pursue, and what actions they take are all touched by ethics. In any given setting, what a supervisor observes as â€Å"right' instinctively affects his or her actions and the actions of the employees. Moral standards are the consequence of shared strengths and human understandings over hundreds of years. For example, society condemns cheating, lying, and stealing. However, the application of ethics is an individual consideration.Do you or do you not follow moral standards when dealing with oth ers? Are you aware of a moral code and, if so, how do you interpret it? Differences in awareness and interpretation of ethical standards create many problems. To demonstrate, when does a deed consent to the domain Of righteous self-interest and become personal deceit? Does the fact that a person was not disciplined for a certain action make it acceptable? Not being reprimanded may be why Charles did not change his tactics. All too often, actions are justified based on the means used or based on the ends accomplished.That is, do we hold an act to be morally right on the basis of the means used or on the basis of the end result? One might reason, for example, that the act of lying if it achieves positive results, is acceptable? Conversely, one might consider any action that employs ethical ways to be perfectly justifiable regardless of the outcome. A person's inclination to protest with a company's ethical standards demonstrates their moral code and usually is fixed and consistent acr oss all frameworks. Business ethics will believe your corporate image what you portray it to be.The ethical imprint you leave with others dictates in volumes about your personality. The team came to an abrupt realization that sometimes in business, in order to safeguard your corporate presentation ND image, surrendering your duties may be the only feasible choice. The Morally Superior Alternative Looking through the mission, vision, or value statements Of most corporations, you will observe that nearly every company comprises a statement about integrity; a soundness of moral character. After all, integrity should be the basis for doing business.Moreover, a person does not want to work for a company that exemplifies dishonestly to their employees. However, simplicity has its conquests. Rationalizing a situation to legitimate its integrity, reliant on corporate policy, can be difficult. Acceptable practices f defining integrity require personal judgment and value statements are intend ed to be reminiscent that corporate responsibility of integrity is shared as a culture. With our team's values being represented as such, the analysis of all four probable decision alternatives guided us to choose the morally superior alternative.Ultimately we have decided that a marriage of two alternatives is the superior option for the young auditor. Whistle blowing on the situation, while simultaneously looking for employment elsewhere at a firm that respects an individual's moral code represents itself to us as the viable option. The ethical action is tone that provides the greatest good for the greatest number (Discarding, J & McCall, 2014). By disclosing all pertinent facts to proper personnel, including the SEC, and retiring her position from the firm, the auditor can maintain her integrity and ethical behavior in her professional career.The general moral theory concepts are outlined below as substantiating evidence for our decision. . Our approach was gained in the analysis . Realizing that there was a problem, we came to the realization that the young auditor was facing a moral and atheistically or moral problem, en being the rules Of conduct recognized in respect to Charles' actions and the latter being the personal compass of right and wrong with Charles and the auditor's supervisor. The ethics are governed by loosely fitting professional guidelines where morality surpasses these cultural standards.Given these external standards provided by the organization, one's morals may be influenced. Milton Friedman believed that all a business has to focus on is to use its resources and make profit. However, even he believed that the business needed to stay with the rules of the game (Discarding, J & McCall, 2014). Turning a blind eye on the situation, selecting another supervisor to analyze the facts, ceasing employment at the company, or to taking drastic measures and blowing the whistle on the covert relations, are all options that the young auditor can ta ke.But, in which direction does her moral compass point? Can she live with her decision to do nothing about it? The threat of disclosing information to another supervisor can result in further repercussions of her job performance, hence, her forced early termination. As an auditor, you accept a Code of Ethics that states the principles and expectations governing the behavior of individuals and organizations (International Ethics Standards Board of Accountants, 2013). This impartial declaration is designed to add value to one's self and the organization that they represent.It is founded on principles of integrity, objectivity, confidentiality, and competency. Internal Auditor's principles recite that acting with due diligence and responsibility while observing the law and not participating in activities that may impair unbiased assessment of information relevant to professional judgments are what shapes the formation of the elite auditor. Auditors are to provide judicious guarantee a bout whether the financial statements are free of material misstatements, resulting from error or fraud.Their failure to support the opinion that they have filed is one's responsibility. The synergistic relationship of business and society calls for ethics in these practices. Neither of these groups could succeed without the faith of the other (SABA, 2014). The team has used this honorable set Of principles to forgo a coalesced decision moving forward. Sometimes it is easier to form opinions outside the realm of things. However, taking the morally superior alternative would be to honor the given principles that one's profession dictates.We have come to realize that, the auditor's company does not demonstrate the doctrines of trust and honesty. There are certain standards that which we strive for complete maturity of our morality. Through considerate thought on what kind of persons we likely want to become, the Virtue Approach enables us to act in ways that develop our highest potent ial. They allow us to follow the models we have embraced; honesty, courage, compassion, integrity, and self-control. Virtues are like bits, once learned; they become illustrative off person.A person who has recognized these virtues will naturally be ready to act in ways that are sound with moral principles. That being said, the virtuous person is the ethical person. The young auditor, we feel, is that ethical person who should reveal all pertinent information through the proper channels and look for employment elsewhere. Thereafter, terminating her position from her current place of employment will be the key that will open the moral lock and give her the ability to distance herself from all unethical behaviors.This case provided an interesting challenge demonstrating various ethical solutions that the team could have embraced. Eventually, the team made the recommendation based on a moral code of human society and professionalism. The auditor's Code of Ethics represents the ethical steps to her future excellence in the corporate world, but more importantly, for herself.