At first glance, Beowulf appears to be an epic exclusively about Christian values, and how it influenced the Anglo

At first glance, Beowulf appears to be an epic exclusively about Christian values, and how it influenced the Anglo-Saxons of this time Essay At first glance, Beowulf appears to be an epic exclusively about Christian values, and how it influenced the Anglo-Saxons of this time. Moreover, a tale about how Christian principles always defeat the forces of evil, and how all thanes and kings are saintly. However, as the book further develops, it becomes more apparent that this epic intertwines the ideals of both paganism and Christianity. Although the Beowulf poet makes many Christian references in the book through his extensive knowledge of the Bible, the main points he uses to explain the Anglo-Saxon society is through the principles of pagan religion. Such abundant references to material rewards, earthly fame, wyrd, and wergild prove that he is pagan. Fame, glamour, and material rewards entice men time after time in this epic, as their actions are based on their motives for personal gain. However, these concepts of personal gain and material rewards do not coincide with Christian principles. Christianity places an emphasis on benevolence and generosity, rather than greed, which we see in the tale of the man who stole the cup from the dragon. A man stumbled on the entrance, went in, discovered the ancient treasure, the pagan jewels and goldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦a runaway slave stole a jeweled cup and bought his masters forgiveness92,93. There are two details in this quote that demonstrate the philosophy of paganism. First, is the reference to pagan treasure, which implies that Anglo-Saxons are the owners of these treasures, hence they are pagan. Since the Beowulf poet lived during in this period, he in essence is also pagan. Second, the stealing of the jeweled cup from the hoard only highlights the insignificance and greed of a society that places such a high premium on material wealth. Not only are material rewards and earthly fame displayed through humble slaves, but also through our hero, Beowulf. Although it appears that Beowulf fights to protect the innocence of others, there is a more obscure reason that lies underneath. It is Beowulfs eagerness for material rewards and earthly fame that leads him to protect others. This can be seen when Hrothgar tells Beowulf that he will be rewarded very lavishly if he defeats Grendel. No one strange to this land has ever been granted what Ive given you, no one in all the years of my rule. Purge Herot and your ship will sail home with its treasure-holds full43. Hrothgar gives incentive by enticing Beowulfs greed, and Beowulf accepts the offer, knowing that he will claim a great fortune if he wins. Wealthow and Hrothgar constantly give gold and other fine jewels to Beowulf, whether it would be for winning great battles or as little as giving praise to their sons. The emphasis on objects is connected to the pagan world, where objects are like idols which symbolize fame and wealth. Besides glory, fame, and fortune, was another big part of Anglo-Saxon culture. This idea is known as wyrd, the Anglo-Saxon concept of faith. All religions believe that fate plays a role in everyday  lives. Christians dont believe in a pre-determined life, rather they believe that the actions you make during this life will affect your afterlife. However, pagans believe that although your social rank is predestined, worshiping pagan idols can change the outcome of the events in your life on earth. This can be seen when Hrothgar and his counselors make useless attempts to appease Grendel. They cant offer him gold or land, as they might an ordinary enemy because such material possessions are useless to him. Like most people in a time of crisis they slip back into old ways of thinking. And wondering what the bravest warriors could do. And sometimes they sacrificed to the old stone gods, made heathen vows, hoping for Hells support 28. .u945a14614db32ae139839efe17f62cfe , .u945a14614db32ae139839efe17f62cfe .postImageUrl , .u945a14614db32ae139839efe17f62cfe .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u945a14614db32ae139839efe17f62cfe , .u945a14614db32ae139839efe17f62cfe:hover , .u945a14614db32ae139839efe17f62cfe:visited , .u945a14614db32ae139839efe17f62cfe:active { border:0!important; } .u945a14614db32ae139839efe17f62cfe .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u945a14614db32ae139839efe17f62cfe { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u945a14614db32ae139839efe17f62cfe:active , .u945a14614db32ae139839efe17f62cfe:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u945a14614db32ae139839efe17f62cfe .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u945a14614db32ae139839efe17f62cfe .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u945a14614db32ae139839efe17f62cfe .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u945a14614db32ae139839efe17f62cfe .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u945a14614db32ae139839efe17f62cfe:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u945a14614db32ae139839efe17f62cfe .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u945a14614db32ae139839efe17f62cfe .u945a14614db32ae139839efe17f62cfe-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u945a14614db32ae139839efe17f62cfe:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Education Values EssayInstead of praying to God for support, they sacrifice to the stone idols of their pagan past. Though enlightened by Christianity, the poet is saying, pagan rituals were still very much a part of these peoples lives. With the implication that the Anglo-Saxons had little trust in the Christian faith and in the power of God, we can see the lack of these two items in Beowulf as well. Beowulfs descriptions of his adventures contain almost no mention of Gods help. His remarks at the end of his description of the battle with Grendels mother that I had barely escaped with my life, my death was not written 89, indicate his concerns with fate. Without the mentioning of God, the Beowulf poet hints at of some other powerful force that can alter mans fate. This shows that even the great hero is not very confident in God and the Christian religion, and must turn back to the pagan religion. Despite the major significance of fate and fortune, lies one of the biggest aspects of this epic. Wergild, the concept of revenge, indicates that the role of paganism outweigh the values of Christianity. Christian beliefs tend to promote peace, the oneness of humanity, and helping those who are in need. Yet, the virtues of courage in war and the acceptance of feuds between men and countries as a fact of life come from the pagan tradition. There is a multitude of examples of wergild, violence, and constant feuds like the digression of Finn. Hengest lived the whole stormy winter through, there with Finn whom he hated. But his heart lived in Denmark-and Hengest dreamed of his home-but revenge came first, settling his bitter feud with Finn, whose bloody sword he could never forgetà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the time had come, and Hengest rose, and drove his new sword into Finns belly, butchering that king58, 59. Plotting schemes, bloodshed, and feuds are clearly evident in this passage. However, it mainly displays how important revenge was to the Anglo-Saxons of this time, and that it was the concept of wergild, by which they lived and died. The Beowulf poet portrays the Anglo-Saxon culture by separating their main ideals like a prism does with light. No matter which end of the spectrum  you are looking from, all the ideas prove that pagan ideals and principles prevail over the values of Christianity. It is shown on countless occasions through the material rewards, earthly fame, wergild, and wyrd amongst every social class slaves, thanes, and kings. In the end, the separated lights in the prism come together and become one. This array of light for the Beowulf poet is ultimately his beliefs and concepts in the pagan religion.

Physics Essay Paper Example For Students

Physics Essay Paper I. E. Is a part of natural philosophy and a natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through space and time, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves. Physics is the field of science that studies the physical world. From the large (galaxies, planets, etc) to the small (how proteins fold, atoms, etc) physics plays a role. It is a trial science that studies the properties of matter, motion, force, energy, space and time. Physics has a number of divisions or sub-categories. Each of these are more focused areas of study. Quantum Physics, the study of the quantum world (smaller than an atom). Particle Physics, the study of atomic and quantum particles such as electrons, protons, gluons and neutrinos. Thematic Physics, this is the branch of physics which deals in theory. Its generally at the forefront of physics and thought. After a theory has been shown possible that theory may move into another ranch of physics. Astrophysics, studies aspects of stars, galaxies and space. It is closely linked with astronomy. Medical Physics, the study of physics and its role in medicine. For example, radiation therapy, the development of certain medicines and areas of neurology all require a deep understanding of physics. Geophysics, the study of physics as it relates to Earth. Mathematical physics, General ; Special Relativity, Classical Mechanics, Thermodynamics, Electromagnetism and Temporal Mechanics are all other divisions of physics. Physics is a branch of science that deals with mater and motion; it also focused on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe. Two Main Branches 1. Pure Physics 2. Applied Physics Pure Physics 1. Mechanics study of forces ; energy on bodies of fluids at rest or in motion. 2. Optics study of not only light, but also the electromagnetic spectrum Just above x-rays to Just below microwaves. 3. Thermodynamics study of heat in terms of molecular motion. 4. Quantum Physics study based on the theory of electromagnetic wave (matter interaction. 5. Plasma study of the 4th state of eater, unionized particles ; their properties. 6. Electromagnetism Physics the study of matter, energy and their interactions is an international enterprise, which plays a key role in the future progress of humankind. The support of physics education and research in all countries is important because: 1. Physics is an exciting intellectual adventure that inspires young people and expands the frontiers of our knowledge about Nature. 2. Physics generates fundamental knowledge needed for the future technological advances that will continue to drive he economic engines of the world. . Physics contributes to the technological infrastructure and provides trained personnel needed to take advantage of scientific advances and discoveries. 4. Physics is an important element in the education of chemists, engineers and computer scientists, as well as practitioners of the other physical and biomedical sciences. 5. Physics extends and enhances our biological, an d environmental sciences, plus astrophysics and cosmology subjects of substantial importance to all peoples of the world. Physics improves our quality of life by providing the basic understanding necessary for developing new instrumentation and techniques for medical applications, such as computer tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, ultrasonic imaging, and laser surgery. 1. Engineering harnessing of materials, forces ; energy so they can be of use to man 2. Optometry knowledge of optics as applied to vision instruments Fallacy, keeping the body in motion by performing physical activities that you find enjoyable is the best way to implement fitness in ones life. .ub5504affb2b78c5c3dac29905f6ef87a , .ub5504affb2b78c5c3dac29905f6ef87a .postImageUrl , .ub5504affb2b78c5c3dac29905f6ef87a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub5504affb2b78c5c3dac29905f6ef87a , .ub5504affb2b78c5c3dac29905f6ef87a:hover , .ub5504affb2b78c5c3dac29905f6ef87a:visited , .ub5504affb2b78c5c3dac29905f6ef87a:active { border:0!important; } .ub5504affb2b78c5c3dac29905f6ef87a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub5504affb2b78c5c3dac29905f6ef87a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub5504affb2b78c5c3dac29905f6ef87a:active , .ub5504affb2b78c5c3dac29905f6ef87a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub5504affb2b78c5c3dac29905f6ef87a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub5504affb2b78c5c3dac29905f6ef87a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub5504affb2b78c5c3dac29905f6ef87a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub5504affb2b78c5c3dac29905f6ef87a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub5504affb2b78c5c3dac29905f6ef87a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub5504affb2b78c5c3dac29905f6ef87a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub5504affb2b78c5c3dac29905f6ef87a .ub5504affb2b78c5c3dac29905f6ef87a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub5504affb2b78c5c3dac29905f6ef87a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A picture of colonial life EssayFor example, riding a bike, taking a brisk walk, roller balding and dancing are fun ways to experience exercise. Exercise is only beneficial when it is strenuous. Fallacy, extreme exercise is unnecessary to experience the benefits of a fitness program. Excessive exercise runs the gambit of overstraining. For example, a brisk walk of 3. 5 miles per hour on a treadmill will provide health advantages. Allow the body to rest by alternating challenging workout days with easier ones. Each exercise session is only effective if burning is felt in the muscles. While moderate muscle soreness is to be expected, the old wives tale, No pain, no gain is untrue. Exercise should not cause aches, pains or burning sensations. An adequate work-out does not necessitate making muscles burn. When pain is experienced, exercise should be ceased. Aerobic and cardiovascular exercise are the only types of exercises that matter. Fallacy, a well-balanced physical regimen includes the following components: strength, cardiovascular/aerobic and flexibility training. Strength training for women always leads to bulking up. Since women do not have the testosterone hormone that can builds bulky muscles in men, strength training will enhance muscular tone and strength The formula for six- pack abs is by doing exercises targeted to flatten the stomach. Although, abdominal exercises (sit-ups, crunches), are vital for strengthening muscles and improving posture, excess abdominal fat will not create abs of steel. In the realm of exercise, losing weight in a specific spot of the body is not feasible. Applied Physics

How to Write a College Persuasive Essay

How to Write a College Persuasive EssayThe final step in writing a persuasive essay is writing a sample college persuasive essay. A sample college persuasive essay is simply an example of the kind of essay you will need to write. These samples are usually given to you for free, which makes them perfect for you to use.There are a number of ways to get hold of a sample college persuasive essay, but not all of them are as good as others. If you want to write a better college persuasive essay then I suggest you start with the sources below.These two resources are the best and are both free. The first is called 'Argument and Evidence.' This resource will give you a number of examples of persuasive essays they have produced, along with sample sentences and the words used. This is perfect for beginners, because it helps you practice writing a persuasive essay.The second resource is 'How to Write a Persuasive Essay.' This resource will provide you with a number of examples of persuasive essa ys they have produced and will also give you tips on how to write persuasive essays in general. If you have any questions or need advice, then this resource is the way to go.The free resource above is the easiest to use, as it is free. You can find out all the information you need to get started with writing a persuasive essay without spending money. It will also be a great place to find help with the actual writing of your essay.The next source for writing a persuasive essay is to look online. There are a lot of websites that will give you samples of persuasive essays, so go to Google and search for 'free persuasive essay samples.' You should be able to find quite a few good sites that will give you a free sample college persuasive essay. Some people do not like to write essays, and the way to do this is to look at some persuasive essays to get an idea of what is involved with writing a persuasive essay. This will help you understand the basic techniques involved. If you need some help, then look at the free resources I mentioned earlier.Before you begin writing your persuasive essay, you should ask yourself if you want to write a persuasive essay. If you feel that you would like to write a persuasive essay then look for a free sample college persuasive essay and then start writing!

International Human Rights Law

Introduction In the past two decades, the International Human Rights Law (IHRL) has increased its emphasis on protecting all human rights for people to live a free, secure, and healthy life.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Human Rights Law specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Rehman (2010), living a dignified life can only be achieved if all basic requirements of work, housing, food, education, and political democracy are sufficiently available to every person without discrimination. This paper argues about economic, social, and cultural rights, which are intertwined with civil and political rights under the mantle of the International Human Rights Law. The underlying claim is that if economic, social, and cultural rights are not met adequately, then the civil and political rights will neither be satisfied. However, the initial emphasis should be directed to establishing the economic, socia l, and cultural rights after which the political rights are met, thus the overall connection may lead to the realisation of all human rights. This paper agrees with the view that economic, social, and cultural human rights are highly crucial, as they form the basis under which civil and political human rights develop. In addition, a violation of the former is directly associated with the violation of the later. For instance, the denial of the right to good health, which is part of the social rights, is more critical than denying the right to vote, which is a political human right. While assessing this claim, this paper will describe the two sets of human rights. It will also show why it is necessary to protect the economic, social, and cultural rights in a bid to develop sustainable civil and political rights.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This paper will also examine whether the two sets of human rights are fundamentally different or they are indivisible. Background Historically, the idea of human rights developed within the political philosophy of Western Europe. Early philosophers such as John Lock believed that the government had the mandate to secure fundamental human rights morally and legally and failure led to the loss of its legitimacy (Hoover 2013). The civil and political rights preceded the origins of the economic, social, and cultural rights, and thus they are deemed as second-generation rights. Though the economic, social, and cultural rights are often referred as second to civil and political rights, they have been in existence for centuries only that they were highly marginalised until the 19th Century (Simmons 2009). The roots of economic, social, and cultural rights can be traced back to early centuries during the evolution of religious traditions. These religious traditions emphasised dignity and care for humanity by sharing wi th those who cannot cater for themselves. Furthermore, national and international laws had prior recognised most of the economic, social, and cultural rights before the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 (Baderin McCorquodale 2011). For instance, countries such as Costa Rica realised the right to education for all from the 1840s. Some European nations by the late 19th Century recognised various economic, social, and cultural rights like labour rights, the right to health, and social security.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Human Rights Law specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Economic, social, and cultural rights are viewed as individual rights including social security, conditions in the workplace, personal life, cultural life, and access to basic facilities such as education, food, safe water, housing, and health (Ishay 2010). For instance, take a case of a family that is forcefully evicted from its house or a businessperson whose work is publicly looted. In this case, the individuals are affected and their condition worsened, thus hindering public justice. On the other hand, civil and political rights involve the right to vote, right to fair trial, equality, and freedom from discrimination among others as included in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Walzer Miller 2007). For a long time, civil and political rights have attracted more attention from both legal and non-legal interpreters as more important than economic, civil, and cultural rights. The opponents argue that the economic, social, and cultural rights are second-class rights, thus unjustifiable and they can be achieved gradually over time. This argument underrates human dignity since it does not recognise the real rights, and consequently it disapproves the importance of the civil and political rights. It is unrealistic for a starving individual to enjoy voting rights and o ne loses the motivation to vote if his/her basic rights cannot be prioritised. Relevance of the economic, social, and cultural rights These rights are designed to enhance the protection of individuals as full human beings, grounded on the idea that people have to enjoy rights, freedoms, and justice.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Living in a world where the majority of countries are yet to feed and provide safe drinking water adequately and most citizens still live below the poverty line, the need to redirect focus on the actualisation of economic, social, and cultural rights is broadly manifested. However, it is inevitable to honour, secure, and fulfil the actualisation of economic, social, and cultural rights by the state machinery after which it will be possible to realise stable civil and political rights (Hrubec 2010). Every example of violation of economic, social, and cultural rights demonstrates how human dignity is substantially dented as well as the civil and political rights. For example, contaminating water by both private and state-owned facilities and illegal disconnections are violations of the right to health and water, while poor conditions at work and long working hours are a violation of worker’s rights. Failure to provide education to all irrespective of gender, race, disability, o r religion violates education rights. Paid maternity leave and protection for the unemployed population violates the right to social security. When these rights are denied under whichever conditions, the dignity of humanity is compromised (Haas 2014). Thus, the logic of embracing civil and political rights loses its basis and it can only thrive when the economic, social, and cultural rights are prioritised. Consequently, the extent to which individuals enjoy economic, social, and cultural rights is reflected in the level of awareness towards protecting civil and political rights. For instance, in the US, the level of enjoyment of economic, social, and cultural rights corresponds to the enjoyment of civil and political rights and the aggregate is relatively higher as compared to other parts of the world. This scenario plays out due to the high level of literacy, health, social security, safe drinking water, and sanitation. Therefore, citizens are well informed about the political str uctures, public involvement, and justice. Citizens are motivated to further and protect these rights because through legislators and court systems, they can enjoy the economic, social, and cultural rights. Mahon (2008, p. 620) posit that the ‘gross violation of economic, social, and cultural rights has proved to be the major cause of civil conflicts and the reluctance to address these needs undermines any chances of recovering from conflicts’. For instance, denying employment, education, and housing based on gender, culture, race, or religion has always resulted in conflicts as the affected societies seek to alter the status quo by staging revolutions. Looking at the state of affairs in most African countries, constant conflicts persist. The economy of a country like Somalia has deteriorated due to the disputed allocation of resources. The housing condition in some regions in Brazil is very poor, thus leading to increased rate of crime and forced evictions during slum r ehabilitation. When these populations are unstable and their dignity is compromised, they cannot enjoy civil and political rights even if they are put in place (Smith, Baylis, Owens 2008). If civil and political rights cannot protect the entire community, then its relevance is lost. In addition, the denial of economic, social, and cultural rights can as well hinder the enjoyment of other rights. For example, it is usually difficult for illiterate people to find employment, participate in political activity, or even share their opinions. Even those who advance the civil political rights happen to be the few fortunate individuals who are educated, have good health, and want to enhance sustainable civil and political rights by first anchoring economic, social, and cultural rights for all. Tracing back to evaluate how the Human Rights Convention of 1948 emerged, one will be in a position to figure out what aspects orchestrated the development of the Universal Declaration of Human Right s in the same year. Being human was the criterion deemed essential for the entitlement of human rights and particularly individual rights formed the central tenet upon which the debate thrived. After achieving human dignity through embracing economic, social, and cultural rights, humans are guaranteed civil and political rights. These civil and political rights should ensure that they protect and enhance the economic, social, and political rights. Even though the civil and political rights debates seem to have been highly magnified in most states, it is evident that this strategy is used to realise the economic, social, and cultural rights. Even after the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the US continued to witness discrimination in the distribution of economic and social benefits. Following this marginalisation, civil and political movements started to emerge in the 1960s to press the government to provide socioeconomic justice equitably to all. By doing so, the civil an d political rights would ensure the enhancement and protection of economic, social, and cultural rights, which had previously existed, but marginalised by the state machinery (Duran 2011). This aspect implied that people would obtain the rights to vote and make public opinions. Just as it is today, the right to vote elevated people’s ability to make decisions that affected their welfare. In most developing countries, economic, social, and cultural rights do not only enhance individual’s dignity, but at some point, they are inevitable for survival (Darraj 2010. Without elaborate provision of basic material for human beings, such as food, education, water, and health, then civil and political rights are of no essence. From this analysis, it is generalisable that human needs and survival are reflected in the realisation of economic, social, and cultural rights. For humans to function as human beings they must enjoy the basic needs and if denied they will exist in abject p overty and eventually die as it is the case in many underdeveloped and developing countries. Even though the Universal Declaration of Human Rights claims that human rights are indivisible, in practice, there is still division between the two main categories because countries have priorities such as economic stability and social wellbeing (Clapham 2007). This aspect mostly applies to the developing countries, since elaborate civil and political rights lack good grounds to thrive. The enforcement of civil and political rights requires political force and when the legitimacy of these rights is questionable, the rationale for employing such force declines. When evaluating economic, social, and cultural rights, one realises that they are nearly natural rights and their applicability may not necessarily rely on political force. For instance, if an individual is denied food and safe water, s/he will die. Moral values of care and love for one another may motivate people to provide for the l ess privileged, whereas the same is not practical in the case of civil and political rights. Since not all economic, social, and cultural rights can be achieved through religious morals, political enforcement becomes necessary to enhance their realisation. This aspect leads this discussion to the question whether economic, social, and cultural rights are different or indivisible in application. Are these rights different or indivisible? Economic, social, cultural, civil, and political rights are indiscrete, interconnected, and mutualist as defined by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Charter (Echo-Hawk 2013). This standpoint is highly disputed by individuals who share the ideas borrowed from the context of the Cold War. The past indicates that the economic, social, and cultural rights were highly distinct from the civil and political rights. The western bloc during the Cold War highly focused on civil and political rights while the Eastern bloc put more focus on economic, ci vil, and cultural rights. Under this context, the differences developed, but it was evident that none of these set of rights would meet human rights needs adequately as stated by the Convention of Human Rights. Apparently, such differences have been abandoned and the initial structure of the Universal Declaration thrives. This assertion holds because civil and political rights depend on the stability of the economic, social, and cultural rights. On the other hand, political rights help in enhancing and sustaining the economic, social, and cultural rights (Butler 2007). Through education, individuals will be in a position to make informed political decisions. In addition, most political debates such as political participation like voting greatly depend on an individual’s health, levels of enlightenment, and general welfare (Freedman 2004). The proponents of the claim that civil and political rights are more important argue that economic, social, and cultural rights are vague a nd ambiguous. This assertion holds in the sense that it is often hard to highlight a violation, the perpetrator, and the intervention criterion. For instance, what entails hunger, adequate housing, or social security are mere constructions of court systems to justify decisions on whether rights have been denied (Normand Zaidi 2008). They claim that the government should not be identified as the perpetrator because the human rights law restricts dependence on welfare or state dependency. While it remains important for the individuals to show efforts, the government has to ensure fair playing grounds and facilitate the attainment of individual goals. Even though not all economic, social, and cultural rights are substantially described in human rights protocols, a similar case is reflected in the civil and political rights. In addition, the fact that economic, social, and cultural rights are more expensive to initiate as compared to civil and political rights, it is unjustified to und errate their importance based on this aspect since it is the mandate of the government to plan and invest towards realising these rights (Goodhart 2013). Furthermore, civil and political rights need structures like well-managed prisons, election funds, and active court system among others. Conclusion The significance of the economic, social, and cultural rights cannot be underestimated. Poverty, disease, illiteracy, and discrimination lead to the majority of security threats and conflicts witnessed within and beyond borders, thus compromising the enhancement and sustainability of overall human rights particularly civil and political rights. Even in the most developed countries, it has been shown that gross violations persist and many people still live under situations that contribute to the violation of economic, social, and cultural rights that in turn hinder the enjoyment of civil and political rights. Even though the Universal Declaration of Human Rights condemn the denial of fun damental human rights, there still exist well-orchestrated ways of discrimination in the practice of economic, social, and cultural rights against some individuals and groups on unrealistic and unfortunate grounds. Consequently, as individuals refrain from categorising these rights and referring to them as social, economic, political, cultural, and civil rights, it should be noted that economic, social, and cultural rights form the backbone of any other rights. However, this assertion reaffirms that economic, social, and cultural rights are significant contributors to human dignity as opposed to civil and political rights. Reference List Baderin, M McCorquodale, R 2011, Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in  Action, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Butler, K 2011, A Critical Humanitarian Intervention Approach, Palgrave Macmillan, Houndmills. Clapham, A 2007, Human Rights: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford UP, Oxford. Darraj, S 2010, The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Ch elsea House Publishers, New York. Duran, C 2011, ‘Civil society organisations contribution to the universal declaration on the human right to peace’, International Journal on World Peace, vol.28, no. 4, pp. 59-68. Echo-Hawk, W 2013, In the Light of Justice: The Rise of Human Rights in Native  America and the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, Fulcrum Publishing, Colorado. Freedman, R 2004, The Voice That Challenged a Nation: Marian Anderson and the  Struggle for Equal Rights, Clarion Books, New York. Goodhart, M 2013, Human Rights: Politics and Practice, Oxford UP, Oxford. Haas, M 2014, International Human Rights: A Comprehensive Introduction,  Routledge, New York. Hoover, J 2013, ‘Rereading the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Plurality and Contestation, Not Consensus’, Journal of Human Rights, vol.4, no.12, pp. 217–241. Hrubec, M 2010, ‘The Global Struggle for Human Rights: A Dialogue among Cultures’, Persp ectives on Global Development and Technology, vol.9, no.1, pp. 39-60. Ishay, M 2010, ‘The Universal Declaration of Human Rights at 60: A Bridge to Which Future’, Perspectives on Global Development Technology, vol.9, no.1, pp. 11-17. Mahon, C 2008, ‘Progress at the Front: The Draft Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights’, Human Rights Law  Review, vol.8, no.4. pp. 617-646. Normand, R Zaidi, S 2008, Human Rights at the UN: The Political History of  Universal Justice, Indiana University Press, Bloomington. Rehman, J 2010, International Human Rights Law, Longman/Pearson, Harlow. Simmons, B 2009, Mobilising for Human Rights: International Law in Domestic  Politics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Smith, S, Baylis, J Owens, P 2008, Globalisation of World Politics:  an Introduction to International Relations, Routledge, New York. Walzer, M Miller, D 2007, Thinking Politically: Essays in Political Theory, Yale University Press, New Haven. This essay on International Human Rights Law was written and submitted by user Lindsey Goff to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Prepositions in English Grammar

Prepositions in English Grammar In English grammar, a preposition is a word that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence. Prepositions are words like in and out, above and below, and to and from,  and theyre words we use all the time. How useful are prepositions? Just look at how many prepositions are italicized in this simple sentence from E.B. Whites Charlottes Web: For  the first few days  of  his life, Wilbur was allowed to live  in  a box  near  the stove  in  the kitchen. Prepositions in English Grammar Prepositions are one of the basic  parts of speech  and are among the words that we use most when composing sentences. They are also a member of a closed word class, meaning  that it is very rare for a new preposition to enter the language. There are only about 100 of them in English. Prepositions often refer to location  (under  the table), direction (to  the south), or time (past  midnight). They can also be used to convey other relationships: agency (by), comparison (like, as . . . as), possession (of), purpose (for), or source (from, out of). Simple Prepositions Many prepositions are made up of only one word and are called  simple prepositions. These include short and very common words like  as, at, by, for, and of.  You also use prepositions such as about, between, into, like, onto, since, than, through, with, within, and without to show a relationship between words. There are many occasions where you might confuse prepositions. For example, sometimes it is difficult to know when you should use  in, into, on, or at.  This is because their meanings are very similar, so you have to look at the context of the sentence. Many prepositions have an opposite as well. For instance, you can use  before or after, inside or outside, off or on, over or under, and  up or down.   Quite a few prepositions express the relationship of things in space. Examples of these include aboard, across, amid, among, around, atop, behind, beneath, beside, beyond, near, over, round,  and upon. Prepositions can also refer to time. Among the most common are  after, before,  during, till,  and  until. Other prepositions have unique uses or can be used in multiple ways. Some of these include  about, against, along, despite, regarding, throughout, toward,  and  unlike. Complex Prepositions In addition  to  the simple prepositions, several word groups can perform the same grammatical function. These are called  complex prepositions. They are two- or three-word units that combine one or two simple prepositions with another word. Within this category, you have phrases like  in addition to  and such as.  Whenever you say  thanks to or in between, you are also using a complex preposition. Identifying Prepositional Phrases Prepositions are not in the habit of standing alone. A word group with a preposition at the head followed by an  object  (or  complement) is called a  prepositional phrase. The object of a preposition is typically a  noun  or  pronoun:  Gus put the horse  before the cart. Prepositional phrases add meaning to the nouns and verbs in sentences. They usually tell us  where, when,  or  how and the words of a prepositional phrase can often be rearranged. A prepositional phrase may do the work of an  adjective  and modify a noun:  The student  in the back row  began to snore loudly. It may also function as an  adverb  and modify a verb:  Buster fell asleep  during class. Learning to identify prepositional phrases is often a matter of practice. After some time you will come to realize how frequently we rely on them. Ending a Sentence With a Preposition You may have a heard the rule that you should never  end a sentence with a preposition. This is one of those rules that you dont have to put up with. It is based on the etymology of preposition, from the Greek for put in front, as well as a false analogy to Latin. As long ago as 1926, Henry Fowler dismissed the rule about preposition  stranding as a cherished superstition ignored by major writers from Shakespeare to Thackeray. In fact, in A Dictionary of Modern English Usage he said, the remarkable freedom enjoyed by English in putting its  prepositions  late and omitting its relatives is an important element in the flexibility of the language. Essentially, you can ignore this rule, and you can cite Fowler to anyone who tells you otherwise. Go ahead and end your sentence with a preposition if you want to. Prepositions Functioning as Another Part of Speech Just because you see one of the prepositions weve mentioned used, does not mean that they are being used as a preposition. It depends on the circumstances, and this is one of those tricky parts of the English language, so dont let these fool you. Certain prepositions (after, as, before, since, until) serve as  subordinating conjunctions  when theyre followed by a  clause: You better get out of town  before  sundown. (Before  is used as a preposition.)Many people run out of ideas long  before  they run out of words. (Before  is used as a conjunction.) Some prepositions (including  about, across, around, before, down, in, on, out,  and  up) also moonlight as  adverbs. These are sometimes called  prepositional adverbs  or  adverbial  particles. Beth walked  up  the driveway. (The preposition up is followed by the object.)Beth looked  up. (The prepositional adverb up  is modifying the verb looked.) Deverbal Prepositions Transitive prepositions that take the same form as -ing participles or -ed participles are called deverbal prepositions. It is a rather short list, but it is important to understand that these are also prepositions. according (to)allowing (for)barringconcerningcountingexceptingexcludingfailingfollowinggivengonegrantedincludingowing (to)pertaining (to)regardingrespectingsavingtouchingwanting Source: Fowler H.  A Dictionary of Modern English Usage. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1965.

Characteristics of effective teams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Characteristics of effective teams - Essay Example time limit needs to be considered, the group climate needs to be known, and finally the group setting needs to be known that is which type of setting the group is working on (Johnson and Johnson, 2010). Decision by Minority: It is effective when not possible for other members to meet and it is ineffective when group resources are not utilized. Group resources can include the skills and talents possessed by group members. Since various skills are required at the time of decision making, I apply me service specialist skills and my group members apply the skills of tackling with customers easily. Voting decisions are taken when many options seem suitable for implementing it in the customer services plan. Managing time is very important while making decisions in groups. Once an immediate decision was required in sending the customer request to the top management, the majority of the members decided that it should be dealt at the lower level instead of passing it to the top. Immediate actions and decisions were taken to resolve the matter successfully. Usually I being the senior service specialist have more experience in dealing with insurance related matters of customers and can answer their queries without much difficulty. It usually happens that in such cases I am referred to deal with the customer without any issues by the other group members. After the voting and the consensus methods that are applied related to the implementation of the policies for customer services, it becomes important for all three members of my group to be well versed with the decision taken so that while communicating ahead to customers the process becomes easier. Gathering the views of the entire group allows different angles and perspectives to be understood and allows in selecting the best decision possible. For customer services, it is important that the best decisions be taken so as to retain them for the future. Since my group is involved with customer issues and services of

The Richard Bruno Hauptmann Trial Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Richard Bruno Hauptmann Trial - Case Study Example After two days, the body of the baby was found dead leaving no suspect. The investigation of the crime which includes the autopsy and the ladder has lead to a conclusion of inside job. But two years after the crime was committed, gold certificates were reportedly being used in New York. After how many days, Richard Hauptmann was tracked down and was arrested but stated his innocence in the crime. He informed the investigators that he got the gold certificates from the properties of a friend but he was still charged with the case because more gold certificates were found in his house. Prosecutors laid three aspects involving Hauptmann in the case. First is the ransom bills hidden in Hauptmann's garage. Second is the link of the beam from Hauptmann's loft to the ladder used by the kidnappers and third is the claim of handwriting experts that the handwriting used in the ransom notes were written by the suspect. The 20-month old victim, Charles Lindbergh Jr., was the son of the famous aviator, Charles Lindbergh, and poet and writer, Anne Lindberg. Charles Lindbergh is considered as one of America's hero and is the first man to fly in Atlantic using a one-engine airplane. After the kidnap-murder of the 20-month old Lindbergh baby, many had pitied the family and had supported the investigation up to the trial of the case. But after Hauptmann was sentenced to death, many have doubted the fairness of the trial. The trial of the Lindbergh case was questionable in terms of the following: (a) The missing and distorted evidence. Hauptmann claimed that he worked at the Majestic Apartments at 72nd Street and Central Park West during the day of the crime until 5:00 P.M. giving him no time to travel to New Jersey and commit the kidnapping. The contractor of the accused had signed a receipt proving that Hauptmann was on his work until 5:00 P.M and it was submitted to the Districts Attorney. But during the presentation of the records, the receipt was nowhere to be found. Documents showing that the accused was employed before the day of the crime, were distorted. Also the prosecution changed their testimony that the accused had worked before the crime was committed instead claimed otherwise. (b) Voice recognition When Charles Lindbergh was first asked if he had recognized the voice of the kidnapper during the giving of the ransom, he stated that it is impossible for him to recognize the voice. The following day, when he was again asked, after hearing Hauptmann saying the words said by the kidnappers, he claimed he was very sure that Hauptmann's voice was the kidnapper's voice. (c) Nearly blind eye witness Why would the court allow